Viking History - Guide to the Ancient Norse

Viking history traditionally begins in northern Europe with the first Scandinavian raid on England, in AD 793, and ends with the death of Harald Hardrada in 1066, in a failed attempt to attain the English throne. During those 250 years, the political and religious structure of northern Europe was changed irrevocably. Some of that change can be directly attributed to the actions of the Vikings, and/or the response to Viking imperialism, and some of it cannot. Viking Age Beginnings Beginning in the 8th century AD, the Vikings began expanding out of Scandinavia, first as raids and then as imperialistic settlements into a wide swath of places from Russia to the North American continent. The reasons for the Viking expansion outside of Scandinavia are debated among scholars. Reasons suggested include population pressure, political pressure, and personal enrichment. The Vikings could never have begun raiding or indeed settling beyond Scandinavia if they had not developed highly effective boat building and navigation skills; skills that were in evidence by the 4th century AD. At the time of the expansion, the Scandinavian countries were each experiencing a centralization of power, with fierce competition. Settling Down Fifty years after the first raids on the monastery at Lindisfarne, England, the Scandinavians ominously shifted their tactics: they began to spend the winters at various locations. In Ireland, the ships themselves became part of the over-wintering, when the Norse built an earthen bank on the landward side of their docked ships. These types of sites, called longphorts, are found prominently on the Irish coasts and inland rivers. Viking Economics The Viking economic pattern was a combination of pastoralism, long-distance trade, and piracy. The type of pastoralism used by the Vikings was called landnà ¡m, and although it was a successful strategy in the Faroe Islands, it failed miserably in Greenland and Ireland, where the thin soils and climate change led to desperate circumstances. The Viking trade system, supplemented by piracy, on the other hand, was extremely successful. While conducting raids on various peoples throughout Europe and western Asia, the Vikings obtained untold amounts of silver ingots, personal items, and ​other booty, and buried them in hoards. Legitimate trade in items such as cod, coins, ceramics, glass, walrus ivory, polar bear skins and, of course, slaves were conducted by the Vikings as early as the mid 9th century, in what must have been uneasy relationships between the Abbasid dynasty in Persia, and Charlemagnes empire in Europe. Westward with the Viking Age The Vikings arrived in Iceland in 873, and in Greenland in 985. In both cases, the importation of the landnam style of pastoralism led to dismal failure. In addition to a sharp decline in sea temperature, which led to deeper winters, the Norse found themselves in direct competition with the people they called the Skraelings, who we now understand are the ancestors of the Inuits of North America. Forays westward from Greenland were undertaken in the very last years of the tenth century AD, and Leif Erickson finally made landfall on the Canadian shores in 1000 AD, at a site called Lanse Aux Meadows. The settlement there was doomed to failure, however.

Business Law Term Paper - 1187 Words

McGurn v. Bell Microproducts Inc. 284 F.3d 86 (Massachusetts) ISSUE OF THE CASE Bell Microproducts, Inc. mailed to McGurn an offer of employment that stated that if McGurn were terminated without cause during the first 12 months of employment, he would receive a severance package of $120,000. McGurn crossed out 12 and replaced it with 24, and signed the contract. Bell did not acknowledge the change that had been made to the contract and hired the applicant. McGurn was terminated without cause 13 months later. FACTS Bell Microproducts is a distributor of semiconductor parts and components with headquarters in San Jose, California. McGurn is a resident of Massachusetts. In March of 1997, Bells President, Donald Bell, met with†¦show more content†¦The letter included a termination clause stipulating that â€Å"if your status as an employee with Bell Microproducts is terminated within the first 12 months of employment for any reason other than gross misconduct, upon termination you will receive a six-month severance package.† In response, McGurn drafted his own proposed offer letter, dated July 2, 1997, which included a paragraph on termination â€Å"for cause,† defined as conviction of a felony or gross negligence or misconduct on the job, and a paragraph on termination â€Å"without cause,† which was open-ended: â€Å"The Company may terminate your employment without cause. In such event, you will continue to receive your base salary for a period of six months follo wing your termination of employment, and you will receive an additional lump-sum amount equal to $40,000 or 50% of annual incentive.† McGurn faxed his proposed offer letter to Murphy. McGurns next contact with Bell was his receipt of an offer letter dated July 3, 1997, signed by Teague. The letter included the following paragraph on termination without cause: The Company may terminate your employment without cause. In the event that this occurs within your first twelve months of employment, you will continue to receive your base salary for a period of six months following your termination of employment, and you will receive an additional lump-sum amount equal to $40,000 or 50% of annual incentive. The letterShow MoreRelatedBusiness Law Term Paper Rent a Car Contract6396 Words   |  26 PagesTerm Paper Rent-a-Car Contract ADM 3360A Andrew Sarofeim 4856542 December 7, 2010 Introduction With the ability to fly anywhere around the world at a relatively affordable price, many Canadians are finding themselves taking trips to visit family, friends, or complete strangers more often than ever before. However, the ability to travel in a given destination of choice will require the ability to drive a car. This has created a largeRead MoreThe Business Law Short Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pages MLC101 Business Law Short Essay Yu Peng YUPC1501 Word Count:1107 Introduction Treasury Legislation Amendment (Small Business and Unfair Contract Terms) Act 2015 ()will affect from 12 November 2016. it has changed some sections to the Australian consumer law. Last version of this law only applicable to the individual consumer, Act 2015 extend the scope to the small business that employs fewer than 20 persons. This thesis will discuss the following questions; ï  µWhat is an unfairRead MoreA Summary On Good Faith Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pages Student name: Kaizad Dadrewala Student ID number: 2015003238 Paper title: Paper coordinator: The assignment number:1 Assignment title: Good Faith in business Contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.0 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.0 Approaches to Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.0 Discussions on Paradigms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6.0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Case Of Saudi Arabia1736 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate governance is one of the most important filed in business environment, and it plays a vital role in managing corporations, planning and setting objectives and decision making process Corporate governance has the responsibility to protect the market participants and stakeholders. However international markets are difference due to each society, this paper will provide a different definitions for corporate governance, and we will study the main factors that will influence the form and structureRead MoreAn Introduction With A Thesis Statement1064 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment D. Josh Rhoderick BUS311: Business Law I Instructor: Daniel Malvin Nov 30th , 2015 Final Paper Proposal: Develop an introduction with a thesis statement for the Final Paper: I have been tasked with figuring out if contracts with several large businesses will be governed by common law or the Uniform Commercial Code. Analyze with the owner formed a contract with the businesses, and apply the five essential elements of an enforceable contract. The business is growing, we want to exceed ourRead Morethis is an essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages[PDF] 11011 Business Law 100 Semester 1, 2012 - Curtin ... https://business.curtin.edu.au/downloadFile.cfm?fileId=D4471A94...‎ Feb 10, 2012 - 3 Construct a coherent and logical legal argument using the four step process approach. 4 Apply relevant legal concepts and principles to  ... 2. 4 main steps in the legal research process - Introduction to ... unimelb.libguides.com/content.php?pid=172459sid=1451390‎ Jun 11, 2013 - You might also go to an encyclopedia such as Halsburys Laws of AustraliaRead MoreAustralian Consumer Law Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There was a major change for Australian Consumer Law. Within this paper, the differences on the old and the new system will be discussed further. Australian Consumer Law is a single national law, which is, applies in all jurisdictions, to all business and to all industry sectors. 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Impacts on Thorpe Park free essay sample

In an economic depression unemployment rates and decrease in the flow of money into the economy. Thorpe Park will find it exceedingly difficult to earn profits. As a result they reduce their staffs that lead to unemployment. But they only hire seasonal staff who only work 9 months of the year so employees will become unemployed at the end of the 9 months every year. Unemployment is a major influence on Thorpe Park as it will affect its products for example if they are short on staff one person cannot check all the seatbelts are locked on the rides than activate it as it will take double the time to get the ride going and make the customers waiting time longer which will make them fail their objects of giving customers a ‘’thrilling experience’’, resulting in a bad performance and customers never coming back. Due to people who have lost their jobs, money is now being spent much more carefully. This means that the average person is spending their money on only the necessities such as food, fuel and bills. ore extravagant purchases such as clothes cars and days out to the local theme park are not high on most people priority’s therefore I would expect to see the amount of visitors to Thorpe park decreasing for most of the time throughout the year. however, due to the unemployment rates many people instead of taking family trips abroad, now prefer to stay at home to save money and spend their holidays in Britain, meaning British resorts, parks, museums and even Thorpe Park see a much higher visitor level in the past 2 years than they have for a very long time especially in the summer months and other holidays. So I would expect to see a decrease in visitors overall in comparison to previous years but during the summer months visitor numbers have greatly increased. Therefore profits will have decreased and staff at Thorpe Park will be made redundant. I think this will be a long influence as we are currently in a recession which means unemployment rates are high meaning in will take time to go back out if it. It will also affect Thorpe Park’s aim of ‘’Increase Intention to Visit on national level from 36% to 38%’’ as some people won’t be able to afford it. So an advantage of the impact it has on Thorpe Park is people can’t afford to go abroad so they will just go to a theme park instead because it is cheaper. Cost Thorpe Park will have to pay out a little out of their money as because of the unemployment rates of their customers which means that they may not have the extra cash to spend. Thorpe Park already breakeven at ? 16 per tickets and they already charge ? 39. 60 per ticket, which means even if they make the ticket each about ? 20 for the holidays as a special offer then they will still be making ? profit on each ticket sold. Reliability I think this will be a reliable strategy for Thorpe Park as it will help them gain more customers even if Feasibility Effectiveness Interest Rates: An interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower for the use of money that they borrow from a lender. For Thorpe Park this would mean that lots of aspects of the business will be affected as explained below. Interest Rates Directly Affect Borrowing The most straightforward impact of interest rates on businesses is how rates influence business borrowing. Thorpe Park may need to take out short term loans to make up for shortfalls in payroll or other expenses, so higher interest rates make such shortfalls more costly, since Thorpe Park will have to pay more interest back to lenders. Thorpe Park may also frequently take out longer term debt for improvements and infrastructure. The higher the prevailing interest rates, the most costly taking on debt and therefore the less likely businesses will be able to commit the funds to such projects e. g. Thorpe Park Making new rides and attractions etc. How Interest Rates Impact Business Strategy Another important impact interest rates have on Thorpe Park is in business strategy. At the most basic level, the goal of all businesses is to make profit. Therefore, venture a business makes must be thoroughly analysed for its ultimate prospects at bringing in profit, and how those prospects compare to other possible sources of revenue. Since saving capital at current interest rates is a possible source of revenue, higher interest rates tend to make new ventures less attractive. For instance, if a cost benefit analysis shows that a new program within a company is likely to yield a profit of 4% per year for all money put into the program, but the prevailing interest rates are 6%, the company is better off putting their money in the bank. In this way, interest rates dictate what a business will consider a strong return on investment. Thorpe Park will not have any time to save money as every 4 years they make a new ride which may be more profitable than putting money into savings account. Interest Rates and Investment A third impact of interest rates on Thorpe Park is its ability to raise capital through stock the value of stock prices. When a company goes public, it sells shares of the company in the form of stock to raise capital. Subsequently, the implied value of the business is tied to the share price of the stock, and share price is tied to demand for the companys stock. When interest rates are higher, the demand for investment tends to be lower, so higher interest rates are generally detrimental for Thorpe Park stocks, and their ability to raise money through a stock offering. The reason higher interest rates are bad for stocks is that higher interest rates make traditional saving more attractive; if someone can earn a 5% guaranteed return by saving at a bank, they will be less likely to risk money investing, than if they could only earn 1 or 2% in a savings account. If Thorpe Park needs more capital they can sell shares and it’s also another source of finance for Thorpe Park. Product Pricing The more Thorpe Park must pay monthly to service loans and/or a line of credit, the more it has to charge for its product or experience in an effort to make the payments. This becomes a major stumbling block because consumers may not be willing, or able, to pay the higher price. So the profits Thorpe Park will suffer if it is unable to charge what it needs to offset the cost of higher interest rates. Cost of Goods Sold Thorpe Park has a supplier of some sort and that supplier is also affected by higher interest rates. The supplier will often raise his price to adjust for the higher interest rates. So in addition to paying higher interest rates, Thorpe Park must also pay a higher price for supplies. This means that tickets may go up to cover the costs of the supplier, which then will make the customers think twice about going to Thorpe Park and therefore result in a decrease of sales to Thorpe Park. Employees Once Thorpe Park reaches a point at which it cannot charge its customers what it needs to maintain operating expenses and make a reasonable profit, it must cut costs. Cost cutting often starts with simple solutions such as looking for cheaper suppliers. But as the need continues it can lead eventually to laying off employees. The Downward Spiral Higher interest rates will ignite a downward spiral in economic activity. As businesses lay off workers and the unemployment rate rises, consumers have less and less to spend on goods. As a result, businesses have to dismiss even more workers. This cycle continues until interest rates are reduced. Judgement then: positive/negatives and actions Cost Reliability Feasibility Effectiveness Legal Employment Laws: These laws are major to Thorpe Park as they are a very big business and employ quite a lot of people. The employment law make the employees happy and motivates them because of their rights for example the time regulation act gives people breaks which can help prevent accidents. Employment law is aimed at protecting the health, safety and rights of employees, the main employment laws that a business needs to consider are: Equal Pay Act 1970 Employees who do equal work or work of equal value must receive the same pay as workers of the other sex. If a man and woman are on a different pay although doing basically the same job it is for the employer to show that there is a genuine reason for any difference in pay, which is not based on the sex of an individual. Thorpe Park employs many different people, from old to young, men, women, and people from Britain or different countries, there is a huge variety and each and every person needs to be paid equally This shouldn’t be a problem for Thorpe Park as they employ many different people of all sexes that do the same work. Men and women are now thought to be treated equally in society and all businesses including Thorpe Park have to obey and understand this rule, if Thorpe Park needs to ensure they pay their staff with the correct amount of money depending on the type of work the employee is doing. Employees are also entitled to know how their pay is made up. For example, if there is a bonus system, everyone should know how to earn bonuses and how they are calculated. Sex Discrimination Act, 1975 Employees cannot be sexually discriminated in employment, training or recruitment Technological Environmental The environmental law can have an impact on Thorpe park because it is big park and is visited by hundreds visitors every day. The park needs to make sure that they can keep the park clean and that all the rubbish that is produced is recycled well. As Thorpe Park has many concession businesses, people eat and drink a lot, so the park needs to make sure that there is staff around in the park that can clean it up. Further the Park has to take its noise level also into consideration, because there may be people living in that area as well. The park needs to make sure that they are not troubling anyone with its noise levels. They need to make sure that they are environmentally friendly to get a good status, because environment is serious issue these days.

Privacy Issues of Internet of Things-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.What does the statement "the best interface for a system is no User Interface"? 2.Compare the bandwidth, distance, interference rating, cost and security of a) twisted pair cable, b) coaxial cable and 3) fibre optic cable. 3.Compare the three technologies by addressing the advantages, disadvantages, key requirements for the things. 4.Discuss the issues associated with security and privacy in the context of the Internet of Things. 5.how much of its time budget can be saved by redesigning the application to use the publish/subscribe communication model in lieu of the command/response approach? 6.Describe Nielson's Law. How does it relate to Moore's Law? What are the implications for the Internet of Thing? Answers: 1.The explanation of the phrase the best interface for a system is no user interface is that it eliminates the development of the user interface for executing the application function at any technology. It would eliminate the scope for requirement of an interface while processing the functions of the application by using the technology. The requirement of extra time for the user to operate in the system would be relinquished by using the no user interface system. The number of steps required for the operation of the project would be decreased by using the no interface system in the applications. The benefit of the phrase the best interface for a system is no user interface can be explained with the help of following examples, Example 1: The functions of the cars have been developed with the help of new user interface for opening the gate of the car by using the wireless mobile network (Takai et al., 2013). The number of steps in the opening or closing of the door have been increased as the user first have to open the application in the mobile device, then go to the option of opening the car door from the mobile, and request for opening the gate of the car. The network connection would send the request for opening the door to the server. The server would search for the appropriate network of the car and it would forward the query to the network. The car would receive the request and it would process for opening the door. It would be time consuming and the overall time duration of the project would be very high. The need for the user interface could be reduced for forming the minimum time duration requirement for the project. Example 2: The payment through gateway would be deployed for forming the improvement of the operations and it had formed the effective role in the payment through development process (Fisher, 2013). The payment gateway would comprise of making the appropriate formation of the system development. However, the payment gateway would comprise of a number of steps first signing in the platform application, requesting the payment through the bank server, the bank would process the payment, and the payment would be received. All these processes are involved in the payment gateway platform and it would result in forming the issue of exhaustion of resources. The removal of user interface would result in forming the solution for exhaustion of resources and would increase the process of payment system. 2.The specification of the cables and the categorization of the cables had been done in the following tables, Cable Types Coaxial Cable Twisted Pair Cable Fiber Optic Cable Bandwidth 1GHz 1MHz 75THz Distance 500m 100m 10 Km when on Single mode 2Km when on Multi mode Interference rating Has the tendency of being least vulnerable to interference when compare to the other two types of cables Has the tendency of being limited to distance and vulnerable to interference Has the tendency of not being vulnerable to the interference Cost Medium costing of the cable when compare to the other two types of cables Cheaper than the other two types of cables Highest expensive when compare to the other two types of cables Security As opined by Winzer (2014), the security would be moderate when compare to the other two types of cables Very Poor in compare to the other two types of cables It is the most secured type of cable that can be used for network connection Specification of the cables categories Co-Axial Cable: According to Ha et al. (2013), there are three types of Co-Axial Cable namely Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The Type 1 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 50 Ohm, RG-11 or Rg-7, and it is applicable for thick power Ethernet. The Type 2 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 50 Ohm, RG-58, and it is applicable with thin power Internet. The Type 3 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 75 Ohm, RG-59, and it is applicable with cable television. Twister Pair Cable: According to Lee et al. (2013), there are three types of Unprotected Twister Pair Cable namely Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The Type 1 Unprotected Twister Pair cable is basically used for telephone lines and low speed internet data cable. The Type 2 Shielded Twisted Pair cable is basically used for supporting the 4 MPS implementation. The Type 3 Foil Shielded Twister Pair cable is basically used for supporting maximum 16 MPS (although it is used for 10 MPS only). Fibre Optic Cable: There are three types of Fibre Optic Cable and they are Single Mode Fibre Optic Cable, Multi Mode Fibre Optic Cable, and Plastic Fibre Optic Cable. These three cables have different ranges of 2Km, 10Km, and 16km respectively. 3.The following table would analyse the advantages, disadvantages, and application of using Internet of Things, IoT Devices: Sensors Advantages: High current capability and low cost of maintenance for forming the low tech sensing. Disadvantages: The sensor would require the physical contact and it is slow in response Application: Interlocking, Packaging, and parts detection IoT Devices: RFID Advantages: Can be read without the use of line of sight and multiple tags are allowed Disadvantages: Costly in use and a number of processing are involved Application: Tracking of products like jewellery, pallet, and apparel tracking IoT Devices: Video Tracking Advantages: Effective communication and automation of the control functions Disadvantages: Complex system and privacy exposure is probable Application: Human to computer interaction and the augmentation of the reality is possible 4.Security Issues: According to Suo et al. (2012), the security issues can be described as the harms on the IoT applications that can be occurred due to unauthorized access resulting in misuse of the information for their personal benefits. Privacy Issues: As opined by Borgohian, Kumar and Sanyal (2015) the direct involvement of the private and sensitive information as such account details, precise geo-location and health location have to face the issue of exposure of the personal information such as physical condition, habits, and locations. 5.Blocking Mode- The blocking mode is characterized by the occurrence of the operating request of the user and orientation of the endpoint for involving the longer and waiting times of operation. The blocking mode is a synchronous mode where the original message would not be received by the originator.Publish or Subscribe Paradigm- The Publish or Subscribe Paradigm is also referred to as pub or sub paradigm and it helps in enabling the unidirectional communication to subscribers or publishers (more than one). Figure 1: Publish or Subscribe Paradigm Command or Response Paradigm: Command or Response Paradigm would be helpful for communication when the case of overhead of not required messages travel in reverse direction. Figure 2: Command or Response paradigm Total time saving= propagation delay of 12ms + time required for receiving the message 1ms = 13ms 6.Nielsons law: The Nielsons law can be understood as the evaluation of the bandwidth used by the users for increasing the value to 150% of the original value. The data records had been collected in between the year of 1983 to 2016. The following graph had been extracted from his studies, Figure 3: Graph Population V/S Year (Source: Nielsen 2014) Relation with Moores law: Both the laws are very similar as Nielson stated that the growth of bandwidth of users is increasing by 50 % per year and Moore stated that computer double in capabilities every 18 months and this is 60% of the annual growth. Nielsons law and IoT: The Nielsons law can be implied in IoT for deducing the fact that till the year of 2024, the sensor technology would see the remarkable growth and it would help in data stream creation. The microchips would be used widely along with body and skin sensors References Borgohain, T., Kumar, U., Sanyal, S. (2015). Survey of security and privacy issues of Internet of Things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Fisher, M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,352,323. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ha, S. K., Kim, G. S., Choi, S. M., Kim, S. K., Kim, J. G., Park, M., ... Sim, K. (2013). PHILS based protection system design for an HTS power cable installed in a grid. , 339-340. Lee, W., Cheon, M., Hyun, C. H., Park, M. (2013). Development of building fire safety system with automatic security firm monitoring capability.Fire safety journal,58, 65-73. Nielsen, J. (2014). Nielsens Law of Internet Bandwidth, 1998. Singh, D., Tripathi, G., Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. InInternet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on(pp. 287-292). IEEE. Sommer, J., Franz, W. (2012). A Component-based Simulation Model and its Implementation of a Switched Ethernet Network. Suo, H., Wan, J., Zou, C., Liu, J. (2012, March). Security in the internet of things: a review. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 international conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 648-651). IEEE. Takai, I., Ito, S., Yasutomi, K., Kagawa, K., Andoh, M., Kawahito, S. (2013). LED and CMOS image sensor based optical wireless communication system for automotive applications.IEEE Photonics Journal,5(5), 6801418-6801418. Tozlu, S., Senel, M., Mao, W., Keshavarzian, A. (2012). Wi-Fi enabled sensors for internet of things: A practical approach.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(6). Winzer, P. J. (2014). Spatial multiplexing in fiber optics: The 10x scaling of metro/core capacities.Bell Labs Technical Journal,19, 22-30. Borgohain, T., Kumar, U., Sanyal, S. (2015). Survey of security and privacy issues of Internet of Things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Fisher, M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,352,323. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ha, S. K., Kim, G. S., Choi, S. M., Kim, S. K., Kim, J. G., Park, M., ... Sim, K. (2013). PHILS based protection system design for an HTS power cable installed in a grid. , 339-340. Lee, W., Cheon, M., Hyun, C. H., Park, M. (2013). Development of building fire safety system with automatic security firm monitoring capability.Fire safety journal,58, 65-73. Nielsen, J. (2014). Nielsens Law of Internet Bandwidth, 1998. Singh, D., Tripathi, G., Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. InInternet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on(pp. 287-292). IEEE. Sommer, J., Franz, W. (2012). A Component-based Simulation Model and its Implementation of a Switched Ethernet Network. Suo, H., Wan, J., Zou, C., Liu, J. (2012, March). Security in the internet of things: a review. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 international conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 648-651). IEEE. Takai, I., Ito, S., Yasutomi, K., Kagawa, K., Andoh, M., Kawahito, S. (2013). LED and CMOS image sensor based optical wireless communication system for automotive applications.IEEE Photonics Journal,5(5), 6801418-6801418. Tozlu, S., Senel, M., Mao, W., Keshavarzian, A. (2012). Wi-Fi enabled sensors for internet of things: A practical approach.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(6). Winzer, P. J. (2014). Spatial multiplexing in fiber optics: The 10x scaling of metro/core capacities.Bell Labs Technical Journal,19, 22-30.

Being on Time Essay Sample free essay sample

Bing on clip and in the right uniform is cardinal in the armed forces. This can run from responsibility inside informations. assignments. and particularly during a deployment. For responsibility inside informations it matters for the intent of acquiring undertakings done on clip. Without proper order and subject such responsibility undertakings would neer acquire done. The Army thrives and stays a well-oiled machine every bit long as every soldier does what they are tasked out to make. Bing on clip is likely the most indispensable point in the armed forces. It can travel from being at the company at the right clip. or acquiring out of a fire battle with the enemy in the clip needed. Bing on clip is connected with the 7 ground forces rights. One of the Army rights are Integrity. Not merely is being on clip making the right thing. but its besides mandatary. If your or non on clip to a specific undertaking so all it does it protract the result clip or perchance do your squad to neglect or non acquire off on clip. We will write a custom essay sample on Being on Time Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 99. 9 % of the clip u are given a clip line on when to finish a certain undertaking which is reasonably much giving you the reply to the trial. Timelines are given to maintain order and answerability. Without clip lines responsibilities will non acquire completed in a nice clip to open up clip to acquire more undertakings done. Spending all twenty-four hours to finish a simple 2-3 adult male undertaking is non the criterion. Not demoing up for an assigned undertaking is besides bad. Not demoing up or being able to be reached is a possible AWOL. Loyalty is besides a large drama in the teamwork of being on clip. If you are non loyal to your squad so there’s no manner you can be loyal anyplace else. Your squad relies on you every bit much as you rely on them. Which as all a portion of the well-oiled Army machine.

The Odd Couple Summary essays

The Odd Couple Summary essays English 12/19/00 Five friends, all guys are sitting around playing poker in Oscar's apartment. The place really messy because Oscar's wife left him. The men are just hanging out, playing cards and eating food. Murray, a policeman, is wondering where Felix is because he has not missed a Poker game in over two years. The men wonder if he is at the movies or out with a girl. Frances, Felix's wife calls to say that she and Felix are getting a divorce and he sent her a suicide telegram. The men begin worrying about Felix. There is a knock at the door; it is Felix. They all agree to act like nothing has happened. Felix walks in and kind of looks around and out the window, not really saying anything. He says he has to use the bathroom. His friends become a little worried about him going alone but they let him anyway. Oscar and his friends jump up from the poker table and crowd around the bathroom listening for sounds of suicide but they only hear Felix crying. Felix comes out and tells them about the divorce. Felix runs around the apartment talking about his unhappiness. He has no place to stay and misses his wife already. His friends try to calm him down and finally stop him. Oscar is so fed up with Felix's running around the apartment and complaining that he throws a glass of water at him! Felix sits in the chair and complains of a stomachache. He admits to taking a few pills before he left his house. His friends become worried but Felix tells them that he threw them up before so he should be all right. His friends decide that they should go home and they leave Felix alone with Oscar. Oscar convinces Felix to live with him since now they are both single. Oscar and Felix host another poker game but this time the atmosphere is very di ...

Saudi Arabian Dream and American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saudi Arabian Dream and American Dream - Essay Example Therefore, Saudi’s economic model seeks to distribute wealth from one primary source to the citizens. Saudi’s economy depends at least to some extent to imported labor as opposed to american model whereby American citizens drive the economy. However, the most notable disparity between Saudi and America is the level of education. The model of education in Saudi makes it difficult even for graduates to find jobs in the country. Therefore, Saudi is yet to realize full benefit of education as key driver of the economy and therefore cannot follow the American dream model. Whereas Saudi shares similar problem of big gap between the rich and the poor, measures to address this issue are different and therefore Saudi cannot share the ideas of the American dream when it comes to the concept of bridging this increasing gap. Saudi is characterized by unique social and religious values that contrast the American society. Whereas Saudi is Islamic oriented, America is overwhelmingly d iversified. This makes it overwhelmingly difficult for Saudi to follow the American dream model. For instance, Saudi Arabia’s social problems stem from the fact that the country is founded on Islamic tenets. However, it can be argued that Saudi Arabia is borrowing the American dream when it comes to treatment of middle class people. There seems to be a lot of focus on middle class as potential economic driver. Saudi is trying to twist the economy to empower the middle-income earners in the efforts to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor. However, low class people seem to have been forgotten. Considering the above stated issues, it can be safely argued that Saudi Arabia is certainly following a different model of development and may therefore, not borrow heavily from the American dream

THE NATURE OF MANGERIAL WORK Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE NATURE OF MANGERIAL WORK - Case Study Example Beynon and Nicholas (1977) give an analysis of ideological tools employed by managers in resolving conflicts and contradictions within an organizational set up. Yukl, (2010), studied the contradictions of management between rationalization of organizational employment and planning to leave a job, individual performance ideology and cliques reality and concluded that circumstances that managers encounter in their managerial work are â€Å"schizoid† and hence, management is not a science, an art or skill. This is because, there is usually nothing to do at the base, a manager is hired to do what other firms do, what he thinks he can do, and what his superiors tell him to do. Prolonged highly political decision processes is likely when decisions involve important and complex problems for which no ready-made good solutions are available, when many affected parties have conflicting interest and when a diffusion of power exists among the parties. Such circumstances present the manage r in a contradicting situation between the demands of his role and the pressures of the situation that confront him as the organizational manager (Yukl, 2010), In this case, a good manager can get the best solution by understanding the demands of his role, what the organization and employees in the organization expects from him.

Career Analysis of a Real Estate Enterpreneur Essay

Career Analysis of a Real Estate Enterpreneur - Essay Example Their impact lives on for generations. A real estate entrepreneur, also known as a real estate investor, is a person actively or passively involved in real estate. Real estate refers to property that consists of land together with the housing and natural resources found on it. Thus, in business, real estate is a profession that deals with sales and purchase, or renting of land, housing or buildings. An active investor may buy or make improvements on property to be sold at a later date for profit. On the other hand, a passive investor does the work of an active investor indirectly. In their case, they hire firms to buy and manage property on their behalf. Career Path Real estate is an occupation to be considered by people with a balance of industry knowledge and entrepreneurial acumen. Even though getting a job as a real estate entrepreneur may not be difficult, beginning workers face a lot of competition from seasoned and well established entrepreneurs in the field. Organizations hav e taken the liberty to chart out the path of a real estate investment. This is done in stages of training. In each stage, an employee undergoes training. Upon their success, they rise up the ranks. For instance, Keller Williams Realty has seven levels of training (Keller Williams Realty, 2012). These levels include career launch, success series and boot camps. A summary of these levels is as shown below. Trends Real estate markets have a great impact on the economy. A healthy real estate market has been known to positively drive the economy. A good example is China. According to Barboza (2010), in 2003 to 2010 period, real estate prices in Shanghai increased by over 150%. Construction of property has continued despite the threat of credit crunch. The government has benefited from this rise in prices as GDP has increased from 2% (2000) to 6% (2011) due to residential housing investment. The 2008 global recession had an adverse effect on real estate industry. Sad though, the reverse i s also true. Economies have declined as a result of an unproductive real estate industry. In America, there was a decline of people being hired into the sector. However, this changed shortly after. Between January 2011 and January 2012, there was a 20% increase in job advertisements (Lombardi, 2012). Hiring Demands in the Real Estate Industry – 4 Year Hiring Trend Source: WANTED Analytics Technology is a significant aspect to the growing change in career trends. For part time real estate entrepreneurs, the increasing use of technology may work to their detriment in comparison to full time entrepreneurs who invest in technology. The same technology does have a positive impact. It has increased the productivity of real estate investors. It has widened the market base since they are able to access their customers and do research on various property using the internet. The internet is particularly resourceful because of the pool of information it contains. The perception of real estate as a worthwhile investment and low interest rates continue to stimulate real estate sales. This creates demand for real estate entrepreneurs. One may, therefore, choose real estate investment as a career path. The legal front also plays a vital role in determining trends in real estate. Real estate entrepreneurs need to meet certain legal requirements and adhere to certain legal conditions. Changes in legal requirements, like the disclosure laws, may discourage some who are not serious or are not abreast with such

Childrens Understanding of Food And Nutrition

Childrens Understanding of Food And Nutrition There has been much attention paid to the diet of children in the media of late as concerns about childhood obesity continue to grow as more incidences are reported; a search on the web reveals results of about 80,600 for childhood obesity news items (0.32 seconds) (web search conducted on 14th April 2010). As food intake has an obvious link to obesity the article investigating school childrens knowledge and awareness of food and nutrition may provide insights to this situation and perhaps offer suggestions to remedies that might improve childrens diets. The literature in this study is comprehensive citing work from the UK, USA, Australia and New Zealand. All of these countries are English speaking countries with a Western diet and lifestyle so any comparisons drawn from the study of Surrey schoolchildren could bear relevance on the issues discussed. Authors from Health Education Authorities and writers from nutritional education and medical backgrounds contribute work that dates from 1980 to 2001. As the article is dated 2002 some of the information may now be outdated regarding the guidelines provided by health authorities and the programmes of study contained in the Primary School curriculum in the UK at 2010 which has undergone changes and is now known as the National Strategy that incorporates food and nutrition education throughout the cross curricular themes and especially in the health education element of physical education. The literature covers a wide variety of topics pertaining to the investigation including quantitative information resulting from diet and nutrition surveys (Gregory et al, 2000), food guidelines (Department of Health,1998; FAO/WHO, 1998) and qualitative information from research conducted by various authors (Birch, 1980; Dobson et al., 1994; De Bourdeaudhuij, 1997). All literature was fully referenced to allow the reader to follow up points of interest or to verify facts and validate claims. The aims of the study were to elicit childrens understanding of: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ aspects of parental control over food choices and food rules that interact with food provision; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ how diet and diseases are connected, specifically dental health and obesity; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the categorization of food into groups and the schemes children use to do this. The methods used for this investigation are clearly stated; they are based on the population coming from the percentage of Free School Meals (%age FSM) as an indicator of socio-economic status (SES) for 7-11 year olds in Guildford, Surrey. Following a grouping of the quartiles of %age FSM entitlement, a judgmental selection or systematic random sample was made from the top and bottom ends of the calculated figures. Children at either end of the age scale were chosen to provide a clear comparison between attitudes relevant to age and within the sample the sample framing was randomly achieved by selecting the identified category through single gender alphabetical listing from registration rolls. Thus seven girls and seven boys were selected from each participant school with reserves in case any child should drop out or be unavailable. Motivation and understanding form the two criteria being investigated regarding food choices by this pre-adolescent age group. Though the study is limited to a small number of participants, 390 in all, it is hoped that generalisations might be made regarding the greater population. Focus group discussions were used to obtain data with open-ended questions (as prompts) on four core topics providing the instrument to be used by the same moderator for each group. Audio recordings were made of the discussions for transcription and narrative analysis. The moderator also expanded, where necessary, with further verbal explanation to stimulate discussion. Although the sample was refined and the questions pre-set, the group discussion method may not offer valid results as the language skills of children may vary greatly and prompting may have contained leading questions that could skew results. The analysis involved putting emerging themes into categories from participant quotes by two separate investigators working blind on the data sources. As the information related to groups rather than individuals, the unit of a nalysis had to be the group and therefore possibly a dominant voice which is a weakness in this investigation. The researchers also state that descriptive summaries form the basis of the analysis and that, No formal statistical tests were applied to the data, which are qualitative in nature. The lack of formal statistical results is another weakness as a more structured questionnaire might have provided a means of analysis with testable results. Using something like a Likert scale to show greater or lesser agreement with statements might have allowed this particular survey/investigation to be used elsewhere with independent interviewers over a much larger sample, both in numbers and geographically. Perhaps also employing stratification in the sampling would reveal clearer perceptions and attitudes specific to age groups and gender to separate the SES variable in responses. This study aimed to gain an insight into the current awareness of nutritional issues amongst primary school children and the language they use in association with these topics. This statement contained within the article does not uphold the original aims (mentioned earlier in paragraph 3) and so the integrity of this piece is compromised by the introduction of language as a contributory factor to the outcome. None of the quotes or analysis statements qualifies fat as being overweight/obese/health risk. The focus group methodology proved successful in achieving this objective with a number of key themes emerging from the discourse which will be used to feed into the development of food based dietary guidelines for children. As the objective failed to mention the influence of language in its parameters this statement also fails to uphold the original aims. Despite stating, By using qualitative methodology, it was anticipated that the full range of responses would be captured whilst avo iding pigeonholing this dynamic population with pre-existing beliefs. Analysis was designed to examine how these areas of enquiry varied with gender, age and SES, the arguments presented are based on a subjective analysis that assessed the quotes on implied testimony and what the authors thought the children meant in their responses. There are obviously difficulties and barriers to overcome when collecting qualitative data and considering the language element and the limitations on verbalisation particularly from younger children, the questions presented should perhaps have been more sympathetic to their cognitive ability and been supported by visual stimulus with foodstuffs and outcomes shown as picture alternatives that could be chosen to express the consequences of certain choices rather than relying on verbal language alone. Particularly as the research was addressing SES as a contributory factor to eating habits and knowledge and understanding of food the researchers failed to take into account the effect SES might have on the ability to express well any intended meaning which ultimately is open to interpretation by the investigators. Although food-health links were reported more frequently by low as compared with high SES groups, the former were less likely to be correct in the associations made (44 and 84% correct for low and high SES groups, respectively). Gender differences in the accuracy of food-health and food-nutrient links were also apparent (85% correct for girls and 65% correct for boys). The article does provide a foundation for further study but the methods used, especially the design of the instrument, need further refinement to eliminate other influences on the outcomes. As the article is presented by the Centre for Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK it would be reasonable to expect greater consideration to be given to the educational inconsistencies and language skill and ability to effectively articulate particularly when the literature contains references to Piaget, the Department of Education and Employment, childrens interpretation of nutritional messages and Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. The authors do admit, Our sample was drawn from a narrow demographic population and so these results cannot be generalized to the British primary school population as a whole. And they further state, The focus group methodology itself has both advantages and disadvantages when a pplied to this age group. Although it did allow the children more freedom to express their opinions, highlighting language and trains of thought which would not have been covered by a more structured approach, a number of the children were reluctant to take up the opportunity to discuss topics, being content with short, succinct answers. In these cases, probing by the moderator inevitably results in more direct questioning and the potential for unintentionally leading questions. Similarly, the problem of children parroting learned responses or those, which they perceive to be correct regardless of personal beliefs, has been raised by other researchers (Lytle et al., 1997). The frequency of apparently accurate food classifications in the current study that were not substantiated by correct justifications would support this phenomenon. Rather than seeing differences in attitude in direct correlation to SES the research discovered that gender difference was the biggest factor in the st udy. The findings report, the need to develop cognitively appropriate age and gender specific food based dietary guidelines for children. Though this may be interesting it was not part of the initial objective or aim of the research and in writing this article there should have been a clearer definition of the expectations and how extraneous variables were to be controlled. The questions used did not address how much information the children had received from their studies in school but assumed that much of the information was gained from peers, TV advertising and parents. There should have been a comparison with the knowledge already delivered (if not learned) at the Key Stages from the curriculum with the information expressed from the children and a clear differentiation between where they gained their information from. Dental health came across as a knowledgeable area which is unsurprising as it is delivered as part of the curriculum from nursery age but elements of healthy livi ng like heart disease etc are not addressed until much later in the school programme of study.

U.s. Scourge Spreads South Of The Border :: essays research papers fc

U.S. SCOURGE SPREADS SOUTH OF THE BORDER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a recent newspaper article written in the San Diego Union Tribune called â€Å"U.S. Scourge Spreads South.† A very disturbing fact was opening drug doors just south of our own community, which is why I chose to do an in depth study of the easiness of drug purchase in our southern neighbor. It's not new news but a overwhelming growth in the usage of drugs, especially Rohypnol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Mexican border town called Tijuana across from San Diego, California, once was a famous as a playground for drunken sailors and college students. Today, authorities on both sides of the border warn, it has turned into a gangland run by a growing number of ruthless cartels that sell drugs. It is no longer just marijuana (pot), but a growing problem with other types of drugs like Heroin, Crystal Methamphetamine, and Cocaine.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I recently visited the neighbor city of Tijuana and rode in a Tijuana taxi and was immediately met with a taxi driver named Jose, a Tijuana taxi driver in an open-necked, baby blue silk shirt, he sizes up the tourists trudging off the footbridge from the United States. â€Å"Taxi, sir? You want pharmacy? I get you a good pharmacy,† he urges, stepping from a line of beckoning taxi drivers in big belts and straw cowboy hats. â€Å"Good prices! No prescriptions!† Do I look like I want drugs?! I didn't even solicit the business. I almost felt weird because this is exactly what I was planning to do my paper on. Soon he is nosing his long yellow Oldsmobile through scruffy streets choked with pharmacies. I asked for Somas-a drug that gives the user a feeling of drunkenness without all the liquor, and illegal in the United States. In less than 45 minutes I was able to purchase the drug right over the counter. Of course, I didn't actually purchase the drug, but kindly told the pharmacy that his price was too high.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This just goes to show you how easy it was to get an illegal drug just 30 minutes from SDSU. And instead of being sold by gun-toting drug traffickers, it is available in much of Latin America with a doctor's prescription--often easily obtained. It appears to be crossing the U.S. border via booming pharmacies in cities such as Tijuana.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sudden popularity of the drug (Somas) has returned the spotlight to Mexico's border drugstores, which for years have done a thriving business with Americans but have recently exploded in number with the Tijuana residents. â€Å" Tijuana residents are nearly twice as likely to have used an illegal drug as

Medication Administration Essay

The intended use of medications is meant to improve a person’ health, it is very important the individual administering medication or self-medicating use the drugs correctly, by following the doctors’ instruction for the medication prescribed. Medication is given to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness. Medication can be very dangerous, which can potentially cause harm or even deaf if it’s not used properly. Administering medication requires the understanding of how the medication is to enter the body such as orally, transdermal, or intravenous. It also requires the knowledge of when the medication needs to be administered, the possible side effects, and its toxicity. Doctors, nurses, and a few other professionals are trained and licensed to safely give medication and it is imperative they do it without harm. Training for professionals also includes proper storage, handling, and disposal of the drugs. Nursing responsibilities for drug administration includes the Three Checks and the Rights of Medication Administration. The nurse also has the responsibility of the medication to be given. Before administering any medication, rather the medication is known or unfamiliar it is the issuer responsibility to know about or why the medication is to be given. Knowing the mode of action will ensure that the medication given is appropriate for the patient’s diagnosis. It’s also the nurse responsibility to know the side effects of and the contraindications for the medication, as well as the antagonist, safe dosage range, interaction, with other drugs, precautions to take before administering, and the proper administration techniques. The Three Checks states that the label on the medication package or container to be given should be checked three times during the preparation and administration. First check, read the label when reaching for the medication. Second, after retrieving medication from the drawer and compare it to the CMAR. And thirdly, read the label when replacing the medication or before giving the unit dose medication to the patient. Medication error is due to the wrong drug, the wrong timing, the wrong dose, and the wrong route. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA 2009), the wrong route of administrating medication accounts for 1.3 million injuries each year. Read more:  Administer Medication and Monitor the Effects An article published in September issue of the Journal of Patient Safety estimates there are between 210,000 and 400,000 deaths per year associated with medical errors. This makes medical errors the third  leading cause of deaths in the United States, behind that comes heart disease and cancer. To prevent medical errors always follow the Three Checks and most importantly the Rights of Medication Administration. The â€Å"Rights of Medication Administration† helps to ensure accuracy when administering medication to a patient. When administering medication the administer should ensure they have the Right Medication, Right Patient, Right Dosage, Right Route, Right Time, Right Route, Right Reason, and Right Documentation. Also remember the patient has the right to refuse, assess patient for pain, and always assess the patient for signs of effects. Medication administration is not just giving medicine to a patient; it also involves observation of how the patient responds to the drug after administration. As a nurse or health professional we’re trained to know medication effects. Knowing how medication move through the body and what effects the medication has or what adverse effects may occur is most important when preventing medication errors. Medication mishaps can occur anywhere in the distribution system such as monitoring, administering, dispensing, repacking, or prescribing. The most common cause of errors occur when administering a drug happens when there is poor communication, problems reading directions, medical abbreviations or hand writing misunderstood, poor procedures or teachings, job stress (most common), and lack of product knowledge. It is difficult to reduce or eliminate medication errors completely when information is absent, inaccurate, contradictory, or simply not reported. It is not exact that every medication error will cause harm, but think about the undetected errors that will. The undetected errors administering medication makes assessing the effectiveness of medications errors challenging and hard to prevent. Any nurse that has made a drug error knows how stressful the situation can be. The increasing demands and the amount of patients during work load can increase the chances to drug errors. Being overworked can affect concentration and competence, which can be exacerbated by erratic working hours and stress, while complacency can also lead to mistakes. While nurse fatigue is commonly cited caused of drug errors, others include illegible physicians’ handwriting. Drug errors also miscalculations, over-dosing and under-dosing. Checking calculations and identifying any shortfall in your knowledge i s a qualified ensures to keep  from making a mistake. In 1995, the FDA established the black box warning system which alert the prescribers to drugs or drug products with increased or serious adverse reactions or potential safety hazards, or those that may cause serious harm or death. It appears on the prescription drug label to call attention to the seriousness or life-threatening risks of the drugs being used. Before a drug can be used in the United States, the drug manufacturers and other research organization that develops a drug must show the FDA results of testing of the drug developed before it used by patients. The Barcode Medication Administration system (BCMA) is an electronic program used by the nursing department. The nurse is able to validate and document the administration of medications by using a computer and barcode scanner, which is linked by a wireless network to the electronic MARS. BCMA is an integral part of the health record; all information is documented with a time stamp for improved accuracy of clinical information. An alert is sent if the scanned medication does not match the medication order for the patient. Another method used is automatic medication dispensing system, which are computerized systems that allow nurses to access client medication by using a password to enter the system. The computer controls and manages the distribution of drugs. References 1. Comprehensive Nursing Care, Revised 2nd Edition. (2012). Ramont, Reberta P.; Niedringhaus, Dolores M.; Towle, Mary A. 2. Medication Error Reports. (2009). Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved May 19, 2013, from www. Fda.gov/Drug Safety/Medication Errors 3. Medication errors, handoff process and information quality. Chiru, Alina M; Baxter, Ryan. Business Process Management Journal 19.2, (2003): 2011-2016

samesex marriages essays

samesex marriages essays Should Homosexuals Have the Right To Be Legally Married? The question of whether or not homosexuals should have the right to be legally married is as absurd as asking whether or not heterosexuals should have this legal right. People are People. Love is love. Two people who are in love should be able to marry each other. Not allowing homosexuals to marry goes against the constitutional guarantees of equal protection and due process. It is denying these people basic civil rights which have already been granted to racial and ethnic minorities. In 1967, Loving Vs. Virginia ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriages were unconstitutional and discriminatory (West Vol 5, 139). Though not racially discriminatory, laws prohibiting same-sex marriages are sexual discrimination. This is especially true when scientfic evidence suggests that most people are born with their sexual orientation predetermined (Simpson). Many same-sex couples consider themselves to be married in all intents and purposes anyway. The only thing lacking is the legal recognition by the government. This, however, is an important thing to be lacking because it results in the loss of health care benefits, inheritances, property rights, and tax benefits (West Vol 6, 94). Thus, these couples are being denied the equal protection of laws. The state of Vermont has already recently recognized this by now allowing same-sex partners to be joined in a civil-union, which offers almost the same benefits of a marriage (Sneyd). This is a monumental step towards equality. Other states should be following Vermonts example and stopping the unconstitutional discrimination these laws impose, especially when studies show that at least 53% of the population believes gay partners should have some of the leglal rights of married couples (Simpson). This problem has raised issues concerning the definition of words like family and &apo...

Relationship between knowledge and emotion Essays

Relationship between knowledge and emotion Essays Relationship between knowledge and emotion Essay Relationship between knowledge and emotion Essay There can be no knowledge without emotion until we have felt the force of the knowledge, it is not ours. (adapted from Arnold Bennett). Discuss this vision of the relationship between knowledge and emotion.  The role of emotion has, for a long time, been downplayed in majority of our societies; people try to distinguish and thus diminish its significance by attempting to separate it distinctively from other aspects like reasoning. This is possibly due to the fact that peoples emotions do tend to fog our perception and perspective of things at that very moment it is experienced. We know better than to expect an outraged, angry man to reason very well and take right decisions at the heat of the moment. We are more than often advised to be reasonable and to control our emotions rather than be emotional. Being emotional is even taken in a negative way as an insult most of the times. More than often, all our emotions do is unnecssarily obstruct our attempt to make reasonable decisions when in a complicated situation, or prevent us from thinking clearly when making a choice. However, despite our underestimation of emotions, it may strike us as unusual and inconsistent to know that emotion, along with language, reason and perception is regarded as one of the four principle ways of knowing. It is close to impossible for us to deny the fact that our feelings and/or our emotions mean a great deal to us and our daily lives. It is something that we were born with and live with everyday, a significantly integral part of ourselves that we cant possibly ignore. And that is why we feel so naturally inclined to consult our emotions whenever there is a problem or a decision to be made, despite all the dubious concerns we have about it. Regarding the statement by Bennett which says, There can be no knowledge without emotion until we have felt the force of the knowledge, it is not ours, it seemingly suggests that emotion plays a crucial part in the acquiring and the absolute sense of knowledge. But it can be pointed out that the first part of the statement is quite blatantly incorrect. We know all four angles of a square are ninety degrees, which becomes knowledge, and it does not involve or require our emotions at all to know it. But it can be said that in certain cases, such as the justification of something in order for it to be called knowledge, our emotions do guide and influence us in perceiving how we perceive what we hear or see. Nevertheless, it is important for us to control our emotions as well, for we know that if we let our emotions get the better of us and let it roam free, it can delude us, diminishing our power to reason and thus transform the knowledge we obtain. Our emotion is always there, it is difficult to imagine our life devoid any emotions. We describe some people as being cold and lacking emotions, but there is no such thing as a person having no emotions at all. It may be that they prefer not to expose them, have fewer of them or even that they are in complete control of them. But as recent psychological studies have suggested, if a person did not have any emotions, then his/her life would eventually be ruined. Antonio Damasio, a psychologist and the author of Descartes Error, did a case study on a patient whose emotional centers in his brain had been damaged due to an accident. It was later concluded that although the patient mostly appeared normal and remembered things he had learnt prior to the accident, he had lost the ability to make decisions since he had emotions to guide him to do it. Thus he made his decisions on the basis of reason alone and suffered from mental breakdowns. This study tells us how one patients emotions largely determine his ability to make able decisions, and thus the same could apply to more of us as well. It could mean that this sort of impulse comes to us so naturally that we completely take it for granted until something happens and we lose, like Damasios patient. According to Arnold Bennetts statement, he suggests that our emotions control reason, our obtaining of knowledge, or that it fuels reason. It is true that emotions serve as an incentive to pursuit knowledge in an individual. It acts as some sort of drive for us to acquire certain knowledge, so that we long to know and find truth. With passion, knowledge becomes more achievable and desirable. Take for instance, Sir Thomas Edison; his invention has literally brought light to our world, but he failed countless number of times while carrying on his experiment. Yet, he never succumbed to failure and that eventually paid off and the world saw the greatest breakthrough of the century. But what could have been the reason behind Edisons strong determination, his unfaltering resolution on producing what he set out to produce? It couldnt possibly have been the laborious work which he had to develop time and again over a hundred times. No, it was the passion he had behind what he was doing, the emotional drive that motivated him to set out on this never-ending search for knowledge. As he quoted, Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration, the one percent of emotional energy, the passion and will preserved his dedication to his work. It provided the patience and perseverance for him to steadfastly hold on to his determination. The one percent inspiration, however minute that may seem instilled in him the passion and patience to labor hard; ninety nine percent perspiration. So this suggests a parallelism with Bennetts statement. However, Bennett has said, until we have felt the force of knowledge, it is not ours. By ours, could he mean that knowledge can be owned? Can one possess knowledge as ones own? And would it suggest that knowledge without the emotional force felt is not knowledge? Bennetts statement could be argued as being flawed in itself since it suggests that all our knowledge has some sort of an emotive origin, that it is subjective. And subjectivism, as we all know, cannot be justifiable when it comes to acquiring knowledge. However, in the matter of ethics and morals, Bennetts assertion could be held true, for do we really know of any ethical issues that do not involve the human emotion? Most, if not all, ethical situations have an emotive base and thus, give rise to controversial issues such as biasness, etc. We can even take an example in one of the areas of knowledge, for instance, history; history is knowledge that is supposed to be absolutely factual, that is supposed to provide us with the correct information of the past that we can all collectively agree on. However, we humans have always found it hard to detach our emotions with the events of the past. Our emotions and our nature of favoritism influences our decision to believe what event in a history is true, and what is not and should thus be omitted. If we take for example the issue of the Tibetan independence to be more specific, it is believed a lot of events in the history of Tibet have been altered in order to find parallelism with what the Chinese assert is true. However, it should be considered that what a Tibetan believes to have happened in the past greatly differs from what a Chinese would most probably believe because of the emotional attachment the former, as refugees stripped from their country, have with this particular issue. I, myself, being a Tibetan can name several events and happenings that greatly involve my feelings of loyalty to my country and disrespect for the one that took it away. And thus, as is very evident, emotions give rise to biasness and favoritism which intrude in our obtaining of knowledge. But again, if we talk about the Mathematics, we know solving equations involve no such emotions, unless one is working on a monumental theory or maybe simply finding a problem difficult to solve. Ultimately, in studying emotions, even though we tend to and are encouraged to think of it and reason as two separate aspects, in reality we will find that they are so closely related to one another that it is almost impossible to differentiate them as two distinct things. Hence, most believe that reason and emotion work together as one, although at times one may take over more control. Emotion adds and strengthens ones attainment of knowledge, and has an indestructible relationship with it. And despite the many controversial arguments brought up, like the Stoics idea of attaining self-control and pure knowledge by freeing ones self from all destructive emotions, we know our ability to reason would most likely be obsolete. Thus, however much we are discouraged to involve our emotions in our decisions and act of reasoning, the undeniable fact is that it an innate, integral part of ourselves and therefore, will always either be there to help or to intrude.

Generational Differences In Fashion Industry Essay

Generational Differences In Fashion Industry - Essay Example The paper tells that fashion shopping priorities and habits affect both generations in the level of knowledge, interest, and reactions. Generation Y has higher priorities to fashions that make them look modern and more comfortable shifting their priorities to high-quality fashion and market changing the trend that affects affect fashion compared to the generation X. In this regard, Generation Y can get frustrated if their favorite retailer doesn't "get them" fails to meet their needs by producing a quality product and comfort fashion values. However, both generations careless in regard to environmental stores than rather the actual fashion merchandise. In addition, both generations prefer to shop their fashion at overcrowded stores. Furthermore, the types of shopping/retail environments that each of a generation might be the same if their respective behavioral consumption in conjunction and subjective outcome factors such as loyalty and satisfaction meet their demand and interests. On a broad front, despite Generational differences in the fashion Industry, Generation X do not mind fitting to normal are motivated to fit in identity compared to generation Y. However, each generation will develop or grow to meet their respective fashion and needs. Advertisement appeal for both generations would not change with the change in needs and growth as both generations would grow to share same things and needs. Generation X would prefer non-conformist and humorous advertisement. Generation Y is a career and goal driven generation.

Explain what is meant by Financial Markets Discuss the different Essay

Explain what is meant by Financial Markets Discuss the different categories of financial markets and their rationale. Discuss the effect of the recent financial crisis on financial products and markets - Essay Example They enhance the determination of prices for the financial assets that are newly issued, and the existing stocks of the financial assets. The markets enhance the coordination and the aggregation of information on the financial assets and the money flow from the lenders to the borrowers. They allow for the transfer of risk from the investors to those who provide the funds. They enhance the liquidity by providing the financial asset holders with the chance of reselling or liquidating the assets. The financial markets are critical in enhancing the efficiency through reduction of the information and transaction costs (Richard 2005, p.43-48). The characterization of the financial markets entails consideration of the financial institution types participating in the markets and the different structures of the markets. Three sample types of financial institutions include; first, the depository institutions like banks and credit unions, which advance deposits and loans and accept deposits. The second is the contractual institutions are like the insurance companies and the pension funds while the third type is the investment institutes like the brokerage firms and investment banks (Richard 2005, p.43-48). There are different categories of the financial markets each dealing with a different instrument based on maturity and the assets backing it up. The different categories of financial markets have different customers and operations (Richard 2005, p.43-48). Below are the different categories of the financial markets. Capital markets trade in stocks, bonds and securities. Companies in capital markets raise funds for expanding businesses or establishing new ones through issuing of the securities. Capital markets mobilize the domestic saving and the reallocation of the financial resources. They provide the avenue for divestiture of the state owned enterprises, and shares are sold

Building and construction Safety Technology Assignment

Building and construction Safety Technology - Assignment Example The paper tells that the construction workers are the people who will be using the hoist frequently, and therefore more likely to be injured by the hoist. To avoid accidents that might be caused by their negligence, it is important for them to be trained on how to use the hoist and some safety precautions. A material hoist should be manually controlled by a well trained operator so as to ensure safety of other workers lacking the technical knowhow of a material hoist operation. All the workers should be provided with a simple list of do’s and don’ts safety information to reduce the risk of self injury due to carelessness. The material hoist must be designed in such a way that it is enclosed in a compartment which has openings on each floor which will act as doors. Each opening should have a landing plate which will clutch the hoist when loading and offloading. The material hoist motor should have a speed governor and an equipment to measure the weight of the load being lifted. The maximum weight to be lifted by the hoist should be effectively communicated to the workers responsible for loading the hoist to avoid overloading. The lubrication of the bearings and gears should be as often as possible to avoid friction and wearing out of joints and wheels. This will also ensure that the hoist motor is not overloaded and reduce the risk of malfunction. The material hoist should be suspended from steel wire ropes of highest possible quality which corresponds with the weight to be lifted. ... This will also ensure that the hoist motor is not overloaded and reduce the risk of malfunction. The material hoist should be suspended from steel wire ropes of highest possible quality which corresponds with the weight to be lifted. The steel wires should have an allowance for environmental factors such as cold and hot weathers which cause expansion and contraction of the ropes. If overstretched, the ropes may break during cold seasons. A number of steel ropes should be used so that when one breaks others hold the hoist before repair is done (Craighead 210). The minimum diameter of the steel ropes should not be less than 8 millimeters. Other requirements Sound reduction is one of the emerging trends in the field of escalators. The sound of a material hoist should be as low as possible therefore increasing the ability to identify a problem with the hoist when it arises. Sound reducing rubber pads should be installed to eliminate noise and vibrations that might otherwise cause weakeni ng of the beam and the hoist’s frame work. It is recommendable to use stainless steel for the material hoist housing since it has a relatively small weight and yet high capacity of not getting torn apart when lifting heavy loads. Unless stated otherwise, stainless steel should be of EN 10029, EN 10048, EN 10095, EN 10259 or EN 10258 grades 316 or corresponding. Question2. Crane Safety Precautions A crane should be properly maintained and repaired when damaged to avoid its malfunctioning while lifting loads. Before a crane can be employed to lift iron bars, its capacity should be considered. A crane which has a low capacity to lift the weight of the iron bars should not be used; otherwise it may cause injury to those operating it. The hoist rating of the crane should be

People’s Home Gadgets Essay Example for Free

People’s Home Gadgets Essay 1. Provide advice to Paula regarding the nature of the HR system she should recommend for the customer service representatives at the six stores. There is a problem that PHG has faced employee turnover issues the figures indicates over the 70% more than management’s expectation. To reduce, turn over issues I’d like recommend an improvement of entire salary systems employees get their salary based on their performance, it makes high turnover issues that mean a representative who has remarkable ability when he sailing PHG stuffs. However, other people who can’t sales as much as sales top representatives ended up they got a lowest salary. So I recommend Paula to do establish fixed salary policies regardless of their sales abilities. 2. Identify a key strategic performance driver for this organization. They have strategic performance drivers based on low costs-high quality policies. It indicates a core concept of competition. In other words, it is called Cost leadership strategy. By lowering costs, they are able to get a high market positions more that other competitive. To maintain that position they always consider in respect of cost benefits. 3. How do the customer service representatives contribute to the strategic performance driver you identified? The company gives representatives a discretion which is able to provide lower prices by cutting margin of percentages. It was a unique policy. Finally, it makes them to maintain cost leadership so illustrated polices could give company a competitive edge in the market. A processes that establishing strategic performance is following. 4. Design an HR system to realize the strategic performance driver you identified. Be certain to explain how you would (a) design the work

William Butler Yeats Poems :: poetry, william butler yeats

William Butler Yeats, born in 1865 and died in 1939. Yeats is one of the greatest poets that is well known in the twentieth century. Also a philosophical person, Yeats had developed his own philosophy which states, â€Å"Yeats developed a philosophy that united his interest in history, art, personality, and society. His basic insight was that, in all these fields, conflicting forces are at work. In history, for example, as one kind of civilization grows and eventually dies, an opposite kind of civilization is born to take its place. Similarly, human personalities can be defined as opposites: the creative or subjective person versus the active or objective person.† (Prentice Hall Literature [page 1144 Yeats’s Philosophy]). With this said, Yeats believed that if you believed there was such a thing called a â€Å"soul† you would not only live a life of concentric circles, but indeed there would be this thing we call an â€Å"afterlife†. Thus, explaining Yeat s’s Philosophy, meaning that we will be reborn depending on whether or not of you wanted to live life, or as he states it in Sailing to Byzantium, live the new life like a monument. Critic Richard Ellmann states, that Yeats’s poetry is based on the opposition between â€Å"the world of change† and a world of â€Å"changelessness†. Evidence of this is supported in Yeats poetry, When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild Swans at Coole, The Second Coming, and finally Sailing to Byzantium. All five of these poems represent change and stability in each poem; however, the change can vary among nature and civilization. In the first text, one of Yeats’s poem, When You Are Old, demonstrates a change in the physical appearance of civilization. An example is as follows, â€Å"When you are old and gray and full of sleep, and nodding by the fire, take down this book, and slowly read, and dream of the soft look your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;† (Prentice Hall Literature [page 1140 lines 1-4]). When You Are Old, by Yeats, describes how a man once young grew old and lost his beauty. As described in the text, one thing that changes is the physical appearance of a human beings face. Related to today’s society we begin to come up with â€Å"cures† to prevent aging, even though we basically drag around a decaying body waiting for our soul to set free, we find ways to prevent everything from sagging and bagging.

Breakfast of Champions Essay -- essays research papers

Breakfast of Champions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever read a book and enjoyed it, but once you were finished you wondered what it was really about? You wondered if the book had a deep meaning that you had to sit and think about or if the book was just for entertainment purposes only and had no meaning whatsoever. For me, Breakfast of Champions by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. was this type of book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breakfast of Champions is a story about two men who are going to eventually meet each other at a festival for the arts. The story tells about their journey in detail and explains how each man perceives and reacts to society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dwayne Hoover, a Pontiac salesman, is on the brink of insanity. Dwayne is a very â€Å"well-to-do† man and owns many businesses in Midland City where he resides. In the blink of an eye Dwayne’s life changes forever. One day Dwayne’s wife drinks Drano and is killed. After this incident Dwayne’s body starts producing â€Å"bad chemicals† which causes him to become insane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other main character of this book is a man by the name of Kilgore Trout. Kilgore is an interesting character. â€Å"Trout,† as he is referred to in the book, is a lonely person who thinks everyone in the world is against him. Trout lives by himself and sells screening and siding for houses. Trout’s best and only friend is his bird named Billy. Trout is a struggling writer whose work is mainly published in pornog...

Human condition and the passage from innocence to experience Essay

In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley reflects her views on the faults and weaknesses of human beings and the disasters these imperfections can cause through the personalities and actions of the characters in the novel. The results of the characters personalities and actions show how significant certain undesired traits can be. Through the journeys of the individual characters Mary Shelly shows how we, as human beings, develop in the path from innocence to experience. Surprisingly, the majority of Shelley’s obvious criticisms are divulged through the ‘hero’, Victor Frankenstein. Frankenstein is used to fulfil this purpose in a multitude of ways: In her 1823 Introduction, Mary Shelley suggests that Victor’s main crime is his presumption in displacing God. The works of Milton could have inspired this; by way of her parents, he would have been a natural choice of inspiration for Shelley. Milton believed that power corrupts human beings and distrusted anyone who could claim power over anyone else. Therefore, Frankenstein does wrong in claiming power over the monster’s life by creating him. We see a change in Victor’s views on this subject; at the beginning of the novel Frankenstein is fixated with the idea of creating a new being from the remains of dead people and bringing this new being to life by means of electricity. As the novel develops, through his experiences he begins to see the true repercussions of his actions and finally sees the magnitude of what he has done in his thoughtlessness (innocence. ) This can also be seen as an attack on human nature. As the creature opens his eyes for the first time, facets of Victor’s character become revealed. Whereas the read expects Victor to reflect the joy of having finally received his goal, his reaction is on of horror: â€Å"now that I have finished, the beauty of the dream has vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. † While one may assume that his repulsion is due to the physical appearance of the â€Å"wretch† (p56), Victor had created the monster and knew very well what the creature looked like before it awoke. Therefore, his terror seems to represent a sort of subconscious self-vision. This could be Shelley’s way of criticising how we can become clouded by ambition and do not realise the consequences of our actions until it is too late. Towards the end of the novel Victor has learnt from his experiences and realises what the possible consequences could be of creating a companion for the monster. He knows the destruction of the female monster could result in his own death but for once he is selfless and takes responsibility. Unlike his first venture, he is thinking of the greater-good rather than his own happiness. In the beginning of the novel we see the development of Victor’s ambition from healthy to obsessive. Fired by his enthusiasm during his first experiments, he imagines how â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source†¦ No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs†(p54). A possibly interpretation here would be to presume that this is a criticism of man’s belief that he is indestructible and he can thus take on the role of God and do whatever he likes. This could have sprung from the death of Mary’s mother; human beings believe themselves to be all-powerful and virtually invincible but they cannot avoid death. On the other hand, perhaps the crime upon which Shelley focuses is not what he does, but what he fails to do: nurture his creation. Victor’s ambition and achievement may be heroic, problems only occur in his inability to bear responsibility for his creation. In Brannagh’s film interpretation, Frankenstein’s soul motivation for the creation of the monster is to ‘cheat’ death (possibly an honourable purpose which would not suggest that Shelley meant Victor to be disliked). However, in the novel, there is no evidence to suggest that this is the case. Frankenstein is also portrayed to wish to undermine the power and position of women. By this we see him rebelling against the ‘normal family unit’ and the responsibilities that belonging to such a unit entails. This could be interpreted as a fear of the natural process of birth, possibly echoing Shelley’s own mixed feelings towards childbirth. First pregnant at sixteen, and almost constantly pregnant during the next five years, Shelley lost most of her children soon after they were born. Victor’s â€Å"workshop of filthy creation† (p55) may have ‘womb-like’ suggestions. Following this argument, Helen Moers likens the description of the newly created monster to that of a newborn baby in her book ‘Female Gothic. ‘ Shelley also uses Frankenstein, and his failure to comply with social expectations in his creation of his creature, to criticise society on many different levels. When Frankenstein gives life to the monster, he is so disgusted with its appearance and its deviation from a normal human being that he rejects and abandons it. This reflects how society shuns anyone or anything that does not conform to their idea of ‘normality. ‘ This particular criticism probably sprung from Shelley’s up bringing. With two revolutionary parents, Mary Shelley was certainly not born in to a conformist family. A particular example of this is the fact that Mary Shelley’s parents were not married. At the time this would have been virtually unheard of in decent families. Mary was possible criticised by her peers as having radical parents, or being bullied because her parents were not ‘normal. ‘ She shows her anger at their ignorance by showing Victor be uncaring, and leading the reader to sympathise with the monster rather than his cruel creator. After the conviction of Justine we see a possibility that Victor will admit to being responsible for the death of Justine. However, he is cowardly. He claims Justine to be innocent, and claims to know William’s murderer but does not confess. Again, it is his failure to act that results in disastrous consequences. However, by announcing his faith in Justine’s innocence we are endeared to him. Shelley used this to show us how he improves with the experience he gains. Towards the end of the novel the monster requests that Frankenstein grant him a companion to end his misery. We see a blinker of sympathy and consideration for the monster in Victor at this point. He has improved himself slightly by this point. When the monster makes his proposition, Frankenstein actually considers with the monster. We can, therefore, see that by this point he becoming prepared to reason with the monster like an equal. We begin to think he is going to take responsibility for his actions by taking pity on the monster. After all it cannot be forgotten that the monster could have honoured his promise and disappeared with its mate, thus preventing the death of Clerval, Elizabeth and possibly Victor’s own father. But on the destruction of the female monster’s body Victor fails to take true responsibility and virtually caused the deaths of Clerval and Elizabeth. Again, his experience has made improved him, almost to the point where he could redeem himself of the crime that is abandoning what is effectively his child. At the end of the novel, although Victor’s dying wish is that the deaths of his loved ones be avenged, we can see how his journey has changed him. His last expressed feelings are that of fatigue and exhaustion. This shows how Shelley hopes human beings will become tired of their flawed ways of thinking and learn from their experiences. In a direct contrast, the monster’s passage from innocence to experience only produces negative results. In spite of his unnatural creation, the monster can be seen to symbolize a new start. However, as he proceeds with his education, as he moves from nature to culture, the monster learns more and more about the injustices of society. He learns about human emotions and comes to desire compassion and love but is rejected on account of his repulsive physical appearance. He masters language, but language fails him; rather than allowing his entry into human society as he had hoped, it only serves to make him more fully aware of his unique origin and alien nature. His education is part of what makes him miserable. It is only when he is exposed to, and suffers from the viciousness of human society that he himself begins to demonstrate violent behaviour, to act as the monster his appearance suggests him to be. What I perceive to be the monster’s most vicious act is the murder of Elizabeth on Victor and Elizabeth’s wedding night. Without his primitive human emotions he would never have known what he was missing out in a female companion. With his experiences with the DeLacey’s he saw how strong the family unit could be and felt even more bitter when he was rejected. Without such knowledge or experience he would never have had the determination to enact such a terrible crime. It is his human emotions that finally cause his misery to consume him at the end of the novel. When Victor dies, the monster if found by his body crying. This is a common human characteristic; in most cases, even if two people did not get along well in life or had not spoken in years, if one is to die, the other forgets the past and exonerates their dead friend, acquaintance or family member by mourning their loss. They regret things that they may not have said or done, and wish they could turn back time to put things right before the other passed away. It is the monster’s sadness at the death of his creator and his regret for the events of the past that finally consume him and tear from him his desire to live. Without these human emotions, the monster may not have destined himself to such a tragic end. It could be argued that Shelley was criticising the power of human emotions and the negative results they can produce. As I mentioned before, Shelley lost many of her children, this must have caused her great depression misery. These may have affected her ability to live her life; thus, she may have been suggesting that if she could have been less humane, her life may not have been as miserable. In conclusion both the monster and Frankenstein show Shelley’s feelings towards human behaviour, how we learn from our experiences, and how we deal with things in the future. However, it is arguable whether she is intending to show that knowledge or ignorance is bliss through he contrasting passages of Frankenstein and his creation.