Evolution of Management Essay -- essays research papers

Over the past hundred years management has continuously been evolving. There have been a wide range of approaches in how to deal with management or better yet how to improve management functions in our ever changing environment. From as early as 1100 B.C managers have been struggling with the same issues and problems that manager’s face today. Modern managers use many of the practices, principles, and techniques developed from earlier concepts and experiences. The evolution of management though the decades can be divided into two major sections. One of the sections is the classical approach. Under the classical approach efficiency and productivity became a critical concern of the managers at the turn of the 20th century. One of the approaches from the classical time period were systematic management which placed more emphasis on internal operations because managers were concerned with meeting the growth in demand brought on by the Industrial revolution. As a result managers became more concerned with physical things than towards the people therefore systematic management failed to lead to production efficiency. This became apparent to an engineer named Frederick Taylor who was the father of Scientific Management. Scientific Management was identified by four principles for which management should develop the best way to do a job, determine the optimum work pace, train people to do the job properly, and reward successful performance by using an incentive pay system. Scientifi...

New horizons in standardized work techniques for manufacturing and business process improvement Essay

This document analysis different business improvements techniques stating the benefits and limitations of the improvement techniques and going further to reviewing and reflect on the social, commercial and economical factors that affect these business improvement techniques. Investigation on the engineering and manufacturing processes and systems by explaining in details one type of the system known as the lean or Sigma manufacturing system in depth is critically evaluated based on benefits to business: productivity, quality and cost. In today’s very competitive market environment, there is a dire need for enterprises to ensure continual improvement in all their operations. Manufacturing companies always continue to face increasing pressure to improve the quality of their products, to increase productivity and to reduce costs with the available scarce resources. Service firms need to reduce their response time so as to eliminate errors and ensure customer satisfaction. Deployment of suitable techniques to ensure continued improvement thus proves to be a necessity. Through these techniques process capability need to be enhanced which will do away with any kind of defects? Mechanical Engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the application of engineering principles, physics and material science to analysis, designing , in manufacturing and in mechanical systems. Manufacturing Engineering on the other hand is still field of engineering that deals with various manufacturing processes and practices, research and development of the manufacturing systems, machines, equipment and tools and outline of the manufacturing processes being a core part and parcel of this field. BITs (Business Improvement Techniques)                  Business improvement techniques or process improvements also known as business process reengineering entails improving the quality, productivity and the response time of a business process by doing away with activities that add no value and also doing away with unnecessary business costs. An improvement technique(s) thus brings about overall effectiveness in the business operations and processes through optimization of the organization`s underlying processes and activities so as to achieve more and more efficient results. Business Improvement Techniques are very important and beneficial for the different types and sizes of companies in each and every sector so as to remain competitive and relevant in today’s challenging business environment. Implementation of Business Improvement Techniques usually requires a dynamic culture change throughout the whole organization. The organizations that have been in a position to successfully implement a philosophy of continuous improvement over the time have had benefits of reduced costs of operations reduced inventory costs, increased sales and profitability, improved team work and better customer service level and thus leading to customer satisfaction. These Business Improvement Techniques can apply to the organization as a whole in any particular sector of the economy starting from service providers, to government departments to the health care sector then to construction, agriculture and also from manufacturing. The techniques are also very pivotal in the development of a vision, goals, objectives and a strategy towards yielding extraordinary gains in the business. Through these Techniques proper mapping and identification of key processes is done and the information is systems are designed to ensure that information flows within the whole organization in the right order and manner. Another benefit of these techniques is that through them defective points are noted or identified and areas or points of â€Å"waste† are also identified. Recommendations in terms of ways and methods of introducing business those which will eliminate waste and provide bottom line benefits to the business are formulated. Despite the fact that Business Improvement Techniques have numerous bottom line benefits the techniques still have some limitations. The process of Business Improvement Technique is quite engaging and tiresome it surely requires diligence, dedication and concentrated efforts for it to bear fruits or yield the expected results. The process is also usually costly to implement despite having very many benefits it requires resources in terms of skilled and experienced manpower, hiring of experts and also machinery, tools and equipments especially for a manufacturing organization so as to effect the recommended changes. Thorough and detailed analysis of any available information and gathering of data may in a way strain the organization. In-depth training of workers and staff, regular monitoring and evaluation thorough planning, scheduling and organizing are also highly inevitable if the improvement technique is to succeed. It also takes time for the benefits of implementing the improvement technique to be realized at times even years after the start of the implementation process. Resistance to changes by some people in the organization is also an expected limitation in an endeavor to improve the business, some factions in the organization may feel threatened and insecure with the changes brought about by the techniques in terms of changes to processes and systems in the organization. At times workers and even some customers tend to oppose changes to the existing processes and systems. Difficulties can also be experienced before the new established or streamlined processes and systems can become ful ly operational and functional. The Sigma Six                  Sigma Six is a powerful management philosophy business improvement technique developed by Motorola that champions setting of very high objectives, collection of data and its analysis to give out results to a really high degree so as to reduce defects in the products and services offered by the organization. The word â€Å"Sigma† originates from a Greek letter sigma which is usually used to denote variation from a certain set standard. The Six Sigma philosophy is based on the fact that if you take consideration of the many number of defects through measuring there is in a process then it becomes easier to figure out how to eliminate the defects systematically and get near to perfection as much as possible. For Six sigma to be achieved by any organization or company it cannot be producing more than 3.4 defects per one million opportunities in which case an opportunity is taken to mean a chance for nonconformance. Sigma Six has six processes namely Six Sigma DMAIC and Six Sigma DMADV, each term deduced from the major steps in the process. Six Sigma DMAIC is a process that deals with defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling of existing processes that fall below the Six Sigma standard or specification. Six Sigma DMADV deals with defining, measuring and analyzing designs and also verification of new processes and even products that are striving to achieve the Six Sigma quality. All Six Sigma processes are implemented by Six Sigma Green Belts or Six Sigma Black Belts, which are then overseen by a Six Sigma Master Black Belts. Six Sigma proponents argue that it has mega benefits to the company. These benefits include an up to 50% process cost decrease, cycle-time improvement, a less waste of materials and company`s resources, a better understanding of customer needs and requirements, multiplied customer satisfaction, and also more reliable products and services that can be trusted . Six Sigma can be a really costly improvement technique to implement and can even take several years before the company begins to see its benefits or bottom-line results. Some of the Companies that have practiced and still practice Six Sigma are, General Electric, Texas Instruments, Scientific-Atlanta, Allied Signal and many others. Cases showing application of Six Sigma Technique in the Industry                  The samples below shows some Six Sigma projects evidencing the improvements and changes to processes and systems that were ongoing some of which were very problematic and people would wonder whether those problems could have actually been saved at all at all. It is the Six Sigma technique or approach that leads to these companies identifying their problems and thus be in a position to seek solutions to them many of these projects that were tackled by Six Sigma teams would not have been tackled or addressed at all. Some of these sample cases are: Sample Case 1: CANCEL THAT NEW PLANT                  The case involved a highly successful new pain-killer drug, a pharmaceutical company launched plans to set up a $200 million production facility so as to double its capacity. As the effort of setting it up were starting some people from the company who were new participants in the company’s Six Sigma effort resolved to investigate some of the short-term steps that can boost production in the existing plant. As they collected data, the group or participants first realized that it was only about 40 percent of the drug that was being packaged was usable or could be used. Looking further, they discovered that the sealing method that was being used for the drug vials was very inconsistent that some of them would not be completely closed, while at the same time others were too long to fit in the box. The team thus used a number of testing and refining of the Sealing process by use of different design experiments methods and finally determined the very best combination of inputs or factors that is the time, temperature, distance and so on that could be used to ensure a good seal. Effecting these changes and an addition of few $50 parts to regulate and change the sealing equipment was done and there was no need of establishing the new plant. Sample Case 2: REPAIRING REPAIRS                  A major organization dealing with appliances repair realized the need to improve its capacity to return items to the customers in accordance to when the goods were promised to be returned. Many are the times that repairs were late and the customers became disappointed when they would call in or drop by the organization premises to pick up their appliances or computer. A multi-level DMAIC team decided to narrow their scope to two repair locations and to diligently and carefully analyze all the causes leading to late repairs. The first discovery is that the time taken to repair one product was only part of the problem and that the time taken to ship appliances back and forth from repair shop to the customer site also was the main and big contributor to delays or missed dates. Based on the findings together with the cost/benefit analysis the team in assistance with other colleagues engaged in the two pilot facilities or projects implemented a few changes so as to streamline the process and increase the number of appliances being returned to customers when promised. Lean Sigma on Manufacturing Systems and its Importance in the Production system                  The value of Lean Manufacturing System is best comprehended when at the particular time that its impact of change on economics is properly understood. This manufacturing engineering philosophy is based on designing a manufacturing process or system that very well blends together the essentials of minimizing cost and maximizing profit. The main fundamentals with these systems are Labor, Materials and Machines or Equipment referred to as 3Ms of manufacturing. A very well balanced 3M results in: Maximum utilization of both skilled and unskilled labor; optimal use of the plant size; Smooth traffic movement of materials, labor and automotives. It can also lead to minimum grand total manufacturing costs of the products being produced; Reduce investment; reducing labor requirement and utilization of more productive equipment. Disposition of less productive or unproductive equipments; Flexibility to keeping in pace with market and customer changes and also Increa se Return on Net Asset are other results of use the 3M fundamentals. Three steps involved in the accomplishment of the ultimate manufacturing engineering lean philosophy namely: The first step is to design a simple manufacturing system; one commences the process of system design as simple as possible with just a low volume through the system. The second step is the realization that there is always a room for improvements and thus refining the first step as much as possible. The third step is to continuously work on and improve the lean manufacturing system design concept with addition of the appropriate insertion of and balance of automations, conveyors and in necessary cases the buffer stocks. Additional concepts can be generated that could lead to satisfaction of product and the technical marketing requirements of the products. Through a thorough re-examination of intra- and inter- technologies, through past production process errors and the lessons learned. The competitive analysis of techno-communication may be applicable and finally selection of the proper manufacturing system concepts to be adopted for further considerations or developments should be based upon a thorough analysis performed or done in accordance with the established selection criteria. Consideration of two manufacturing systems that when they are combined give rise to Lean Manufacturing system that is the Flow Manufacturing System and Agile Manufacturing System. Designing a Simple Manufacturing System through flow manufacturing is a time-based process that joins together a smooth production system without any disruption. Rapidly and smoothly flowing materials from raw materials to finished goods through systematic balancing of the laborers or operators, the machine and equipment to customer demands or requirements. The objective of Flow Manufacturing is to provide the ultimate response and also produce the customer requirement, benefits of this goal being to decrease the Total Product Cycle Time, increased productivity and also increased the per capital equipment utilization. In this system of Flow Manufacturing, the performance and output is measured by the Total Product Cycle Time also referred to as the Critical Path. Total Product Cycle Time is the longest lead time path right away from raw materials to finished goods it is the quickest possible response to a customer order with finished products. Lead Time consideration and analysis is derived from the Critical Path which helps us to outline opportunities so as to reduce or eliminate Non-Value-Adding activities and in the process shortening the Total Cycle Product Time. When reducing the variations in the rate of flow in the manufacturing system, the lead time will be reduced. These variations can be reduced through random downtimes, higher uptime, through quick changeover, lower downtime and also through improved quality through error proofs, self checks, and equipment product centered cellular layouts. Agile Manufacturing is quite a profitable manufacturing system that is closely inter-twined to the concept of Flow Manufacturing. It goes further and builds on the Flow Manufacturing concept to further reduce the lead time, optimize asset utilization or use and build to customer demand by focusing on being able to aptly respond to customer requests and demands. It has an assumption that the customer requirement or specifications and volumes which is based on continuous changes. Program lead time is the form of measurement of Agile Manufacturing performance. The main goal is to have a system that has a smooth flow of material while at the same time maximizing the value added activities of the operator. There are other situations in the system design process that requires special consideration such as situations include: Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing System, Value Added (VA) activities and the Non Value Added (NVA) activities. The manufacturing process entails the equipments used to create, to alter, to assemble, to measure and tests the product with the objective of meeting a pre-determined product requirement. This equipment includes machines, tools, fixtures, and gauges such as drills, grinders and test stands. The manufacturing system involves the combination of labor and manufacturing process which are then linked together with materials handling both manual or automated so as to move the material or product from one manufacturing point to the next process and to the next until it is processed into a finished product. VA or Value Added is any activity that is performed to a product as it moves along the production process that the customer perceived as actually addition of value to the product. The NVA (Non Valuable Activities) are all the activities that are associated with the production process that happen not to be adding any value to the product and thus not necessary to be performed but it is st ill nonetheless performed at the current moment awaiting the emergence or arousal of awareness on availability of better methods to replace it. In Lean Manufacturing however the manufacturing cost does not necessarily have a steep drop as the volume requirements or demands of customer’s changes. This is because of the product flexibility and also equipment flexibility that can be very well incorporated into the Lean Manufacturing System. This system is mostly characterized with: investment which are done as required, more flexible equipment, more adaptability to uncertain markets in terms of volumes and products and also characterized with smaller capacity increments and more product(s) flexibility. Lean manufacturing system design needs to be continuously improved so as to aptly respond to the customer requirements and to ensure this is by having flexibility of equipment and have the capability to match it with the product flexibility. Having uncertain customer requirements makes it important to examine the manufacturing costs over a range of volumes also been very keen not to produce beyond the requirements. This system is characterized with: investments committed upfront which is usually quite high; more rigid and complicated equipment and larger capacity increments with high customer volume demands or requirements for long periods Lean Manufacturing System has potential for greater profitability which highly depends on utilization of its resources that is the 3Ms in terms of the materials moving the Value Activities or VA, man or labor working by adding value to the product, machine running in a manner that is more productive. Lean Manufacturing System can be successfully adopted in new manufacturing system or environment, in an existing manufacturing system requiring capitalization, new equipments or even in product relocation. In conclusion given the increasing competitiveness in the market place it would be suicidal for a business to ignore continual improvement in its systems and operations. Manufacturing companies specifically will always continue to face increasing pressure to improve the quality of their products, to increase productivity and to reduce costs with the available scarce resources. Use of the right Business Improvement Techniques to ensure continued improvement of the business to as to keep afloat of competition and deal with changes in its environment. From this paper it is clear that Business Improvement Techniques dramatically decreases the waste chain in the business operations and also reduces the Inventory and floor space requirements. Creation of more robust production processes and systems and also appropriate material delivery systems are established and there is improved layouts for more flexibility in business as a result of the Business Improvement Techniques and thus should b e a priority for any business to consider embracing. References Marcos, M. (2012). Advances in manufacturing systems selected, peer reviewed papers from the 4th Manufacturing Engineering Society International Conference, September 2011, Cadiz, Spain. Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications. Martin, T. D., & Bell, J. T. (2011). New horizons in standardized work techniques for manufacturing and business process improvement. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Meyer, U. B., & Creux, S. E. (2009). Process oriented analysis: design and optimization of industrial production systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor & Francis. Olaru, A. (2012). Optimization of the mechanical engineering, manufacturing systems, robotics and aerospace selected, peer reviewed papers from the 7th International Conference on Optimization of the Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing systems, Robotics and Aerospace (OP. Stafa-Zurich: TTP Trans Tech Publications. Rogers, D. (2011). The future of lean Sigma thinking in a changing business environment. Baco Raton, FL.: CRC Press. Source document

Essay Human Vulnerability and IT Security - 2336 Words

Information Technology (IT) managers are constantly tasked with evaluating their organization’s overall security posture and reporting the greatest vulnerabilities to leadership. Senior management is often surprised to hear that the greatest vulnerability within an organization is not a misconfigured firewall or a virus being forwarded across an internal e-mail server, but rather a human being. When compared to a piece of hardware or software, a human user is easily the single most targeted weakness within an organization. Defining the Human Vulnerability Charles and Shari Pfleeger define a vulnerability as â€Å"a weakness in the security system, for example, in procedures, design, or implementation, that might be exploited to cause loss†¦show more content†¦The combination of any of these vulnerabilities puts a user and their organization at risk of being exploited by a threat. Password Management is the process of ensuring that systems are protected with unique and complex passwords. Effective password management safeguards data confidentiality, integrity, and availability to intended and authorized users. Individuals who are unfamiliar with the concept of password management may opt for weak passwords because they are easier to remember, or possibly even write their passwords down and leave them in their work environment. In 2002, the British online bank known as Egg found that 50% of user passwords for their e-banking services were family member’s names (Pfleeger Pfleeger, 2007, p. 225). According to Gregg Kreizmen, Gartner’s research director â€Å"two-thirds of U.S. consumers surveyed use the same one or two passwords for all Web sites they access that require authentication† (â€Å"Gartner Says Consumers†, 2009). Many security professionals advise that passwords should be at least seven characters long, and avoid eas ily guessed phrases such as names, places, or things. Additional best practices include using a blend of special characters, numbers, and upper and lower case letters. If an adversary is capable of exploiting a weak or unprotected password, he or she could cause a great deal of damage to an organization’s resources. Inappropriate data storage refers to the process of improperly storing orShow MoreRelatedSecurity Vulnerability Of Information Technology1116 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper explores the most significant security vulnerability that information technology (IT) professionals face in the future. It provides definitions, dissimilarities between vulnerabilities, risks, threats, and risk along with real-world examples of each. This conclusion is the result of several research reports from various sources, to include IT professionals such as the Apple Developers who propose that there are several variations of vulnerabilities which exist, Microsoft, and The CertifiedRead MoreMicrosoft Windows And Remote Procedure Call ( Rpc ) Facilities1558 Words   |  7 Pages(RPC) facilities. RPC is specific to the Windows operating system. The vulnerability was in Port 135 which handles transmission control protocol (TCP) the language in which a system communicates in. Port 135 did not require aut hentication about a server it was communicating with. Therefore, the Blaster Worm was able to inundate the port with data, in turn, injecting malicious code into the system. By exploiting this vulnerability in Port 135, the Blaster Worm would install itself on a computer andRead MoreAdvanced Threat Analytics Use Behavioral Analytics Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations to consider the predominant role of human factor in cybersecurity issues. This report will aim at demonstrating that the human element represents the top cybersecurity threat for hospitals, and perhaps any organizations. Ultimately the goal is a collaborative effort on designing effective policies to manage cyber threats facing the healthcare industry. Part I: The Human Factor Problem Description Health IT: Example of Intersection of Human Behavior and Cybersecurity Healthcare IT hasRead MoreInformation Security, Minor Assignment1575 Words   |  7 Pages ITECH 3215 INFORMATION SECURITY MINOR ASSIGNMENT THREAT PROFILING VIVEK CHARY DADUVAI (30312832)â€Æ' Contents Summary 3 Introduction 3 Profile of Threat 3 Profile Completion 4 Situational crime Prevention 4 Law 6 International scope 6 Conclusion 7 Reference 8 â€Æ' Summary Computer security is the security applied to the computers and their networks including the internet. Physical security and information security are the two types of computer securities which prevent theft of equipmentRead MoreCyber Terrorism And Cyber Attacks1367 Words   |  6 Pageshacking the big companies and breaking their security. But the companies started a process called penetration testing this is like hacking our own computer and when any vulnerability is found and they can protect themselves from that vulnerability. Microsoft is hiring the people hacking the Microsoft so these hackers can improve their security level What is penetration testing? This process is used to find out the security vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities can be caused by number of reason like designRead MoreSecuring It Infrastructure At Wd Enterprises1268 Words   |  6 Pagesproperly secure the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure today, there are many different areas that need to be addressed. Each of these areas pose different vulnerabilities and challenges to properly securing an IT environment. By identifying these vulnerabilities, applying controls to address them, and designing a robust security plan the IT infrastructure at WD Enterprises will be more secure and provide better protection against these threats. This plan along with design and application ofRead MoreEssay On Vulnerability826 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate Title Where Have All the Vulnerabilities Gone? Application development and use has been changing for several years. The growth of software-as-a-service has created new challenges for security tools — challenges that legacy products are simply unable to meet. Relying on vulnerability scanners that used public databases of vulnerabilities can have disastrous consequences, but it was often necessary to do so. However, scanners cannot defend against a vulnerability that they cannot identify — andRead MoreWhy Vulnerabilities Remain Hidden899 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate Title Why Vulnerabilities Remain Hidden Application development and use has been changing for several years. The growth of software-as-a-service as well as the move to cloud-based applications has created new challenges for security tools — challenges that legacy products are simply unable to meet in a world in which new threats appear almost daily. Relying on vulnerability scanners, web application firewalls and antivirus software can have disastrous consequences, but until recentlyRead MoreTechnology Based Medical Technology822 Words   |  4 PagesThis research paper examines Internet of Things (IoT) based medical technology from a cyber-security perspective, aims to better understand the security landscape of IoT in medical technology and come up with solutions for enhanced IoT security. The paper was prepared through researching online resources and applying critical thinking. A simple vulnerability in a protocol such as Interoperable Telesurgery Protocol (ITP) while conducting remote surgeries, can result in hackers gaining control of theRead MoreWhen Cybersecurity Policy Is Discussed The Topics Often1145 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology, corporate culture, and security awareness. The success of an organization in defending its most valuable asset, data, depends on the proper implementation of several security practices. Ensuring that the â€Å"human aspect† of cyber security is addressed is vital, for the culture of an organization can greatly impact both the security posture and defense of information networks. This paper addresses the human aspects responsible for SCADA System vulnerabilities and provides a holistic solution

Viking History - Guide to the Ancient Norse

Viking history traditionally begins in northern Europe with the first Scandinavian raid on England, in AD 793, and ends with the death of Harald Hardrada in 1066, in a failed attempt to attain the English throne. During those 250 years, the political and religious structure of northern Europe was changed irrevocably. Some of that change can be directly attributed to the actions of the Vikings, and/or the response to Viking imperialism, and some of it cannot. Viking Age Beginnings Beginning in the 8th century AD, the Vikings began expanding out of Scandinavia, first as raids and then as imperialistic settlements into a wide swath of places from Russia to the North American continent. The reasons for the Viking expansion outside of Scandinavia are debated among scholars. Reasons suggested include population pressure, political pressure, and personal enrichment. The Vikings could never have begun raiding or indeed settling beyond Scandinavia if they had not developed highly effective boat building and navigation skills; skills that were in evidence by the 4th century AD. At the time of the expansion, the Scandinavian countries were each experiencing a centralization of power, with fierce competition. Settling Down Fifty years after the first raids on the monastery at Lindisfarne, England, the Scandinavians ominously shifted their tactics: they began to spend the winters at various locations. In Ireland, the ships themselves became part of the over-wintering, when the Norse built an earthen bank on the landward side of their docked ships. These types of sites, called longphorts, are found prominently on the Irish coasts and inland rivers. Viking Economics The Viking economic pattern was a combination of pastoralism, long-distance trade, and piracy. The type of pastoralism used by the Vikings was called landnà ¡m, and although it was a successful strategy in the Faroe Islands, it failed miserably in Greenland and Ireland, where the thin soils and climate change led to desperate circumstances. The Viking trade system, supplemented by piracy, on the other hand, was extremely successful. While conducting raids on various peoples throughout Europe and western Asia, the Vikings obtained untold amounts of silver ingots, personal items, and ​other booty, and buried them in hoards. Legitimate trade in items such as cod, coins, ceramics, glass, walrus ivory, polar bear skins and, of course, slaves were conducted by the Vikings as early as the mid 9th century, in what must have been uneasy relationships between the Abbasid dynasty in Persia, and Charlemagnes empire in Europe. Westward with the Viking Age The Vikings arrived in Iceland in 873, and in Greenland in 985. In both cases, the importation of the landnam style of pastoralism led to dismal failure. In addition to a sharp decline in sea temperature, which led to deeper winters, the Norse found themselves in direct competition with the people they called the Skraelings, who we now understand are the ancestors of the Inuits of North America. Forays westward from Greenland were undertaken in the very last years of the tenth century AD, and Leif Erickson finally made landfall on the Canadian shores in 1000 AD, at a site called Lanse Aux Meadows. The settlement there was doomed to failure, however.

Business Law Term Paper - 1187 Words

McGurn v. Bell Microproducts Inc. 284 F.3d 86 (Massachusetts) ISSUE OF THE CASE Bell Microproducts, Inc. mailed to McGurn an offer of employment that stated that if McGurn were terminated without cause during the first 12 months of employment, he would receive a severance package of $120,000. McGurn crossed out 12 and replaced it with 24, and signed the contract. Bell did not acknowledge the change that had been made to the contract and hired the applicant. McGurn was terminated without cause 13 months later. FACTS Bell Microproducts is a distributor of semiconductor parts and components with headquarters in San Jose, California. McGurn is a resident of Massachusetts. In March of 1997, Bells President, Donald Bell, met with†¦show more content†¦The letter included a termination clause stipulating that â€Å"if your status as an employee with Bell Microproducts is terminated within the first 12 months of employment for any reason other than gross misconduct, upon termination you will receive a six-month severance package.† In response, McGurn drafted his own proposed offer letter, dated July 2, 1997, which included a paragraph on termination â€Å"for cause,† defined as conviction of a felony or gross negligence or misconduct on the job, and a paragraph on termination â€Å"without cause,† which was open-ended: â€Å"The Company may terminate your employment without cause. In such event, you will continue to receive your base salary for a period of six months follo wing your termination of employment, and you will receive an additional lump-sum amount equal to $40,000 or 50% of annual incentive.† McGurn faxed his proposed offer letter to Murphy. McGurns next contact with Bell was his receipt of an offer letter dated July 3, 1997, signed by Teague. The letter included the following paragraph on termination without cause: The Company may terminate your employment without cause. In the event that this occurs within your first twelve months of employment, you will continue to receive your base salary for a period of six months following your termination of employment, and you will receive an additional lump-sum amount equal to $40,000 or 50% of annual incentive. The letterShow MoreRelatedBusiness Law Term Paper Rent a Car Contract6396 Words   |  26 PagesTerm Paper Rent-a-Car Contract ADM 3360A Andrew Sarofeim 4856542 December 7, 2010 Introduction With the ability to fly anywhere around the world at a relatively affordable price, many Canadians are finding themselves taking trips to visit family, friends, or complete strangers more often than ever before. However, the ability to travel in a given destination of choice will require the ability to drive a car. This has created a largeRead MoreThe Business Law Short Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pages MLC101 Business Law Short Essay Yu Peng YUPC1501 Word Count:1107 Introduction Treasury Legislation Amendment (Small Business and Unfair Contract Terms) Act 2015 ()will affect from 12 November 2016. it has changed some sections to the Australian consumer law. Last version of this law only applicable to the individual consumer, Act 2015 extend the scope to the small business that employs fewer than 20 persons. This thesis will discuss the following questions; ï  µWhat is an unfairRead MoreA Summary On Good Faith Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pages Student name: Kaizad Dadrewala Student ID number: 2015003238 Paper title: Paper coordinator: The assignment number:1 Assignment title: Good Faith in business Contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.0 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.0 Approaches to Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.0 Discussions on Paradigms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6.0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Case Of Saudi Arabia1736 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate governance is one of the most important filed in business environment, and it plays a vital role in managing corporations, planning and setting objectives and decision making process Corporate governance has the responsibility to protect the market participants and stakeholders. 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Impacts on Thorpe Park free essay sample

In an economic depression unemployment rates and decrease in the flow of money into the economy. Thorpe Park will find it exceedingly difficult to earn profits. As a result they reduce their staffs that lead to unemployment. But they only hire seasonal staff who only work 9 months of the year so employees will become unemployed at the end of the 9 months every year. Unemployment is a major influence on Thorpe Park as it will affect its products for example if they are short on staff one person cannot check all the seatbelts are locked on the rides than activate it as it will take double the time to get the ride going and make the customers waiting time longer which will make them fail their objects of giving customers a ‘’thrilling experience’’, resulting in a bad performance and customers never coming back. Due to people who have lost their jobs, money is now being spent much more carefully. This means that the average person is spending their money on only the necessities such as food, fuel and bills. ore extravagant purchases such as clothes cars and days out to the local theme park are not high on most people priority’s therefore I would expect to see the amount of visitors to Thorpe park decreasing for most of the time throughout the year. however, due to the unemployment rates many people instead of taking family trips abroad, now prefer to stay at home to save money and spend their holidays in Britain, meaning British resorts, parks, museums and even Thorpe Park see a much higher visitor level in the past 2 years than they have for a very long time especially in the summer months and other holidays. So I would expect to see a decrease in visitors overall in comparison to previous years but during the summer months visitor numbers have greatly increased. Therefore profits will have decreased and staff at Thorpe Park will be made redundant. I think this will be a long influence as we are currently in a recession which means unemployment rates are high meaning in will take time to go back out if it. It will also affect Thorpe Park’s aim of ‘’Increase Intention to Visit on national level from 36% to 38%’’ as some people won’t be able to afford it. So an advantage of the impact it has on Thorpe Park is people can’t afford to go abroad so they will just go to a theme park instead because it is cheaper. Cost Thorpe Park will have to pay out a little out of their money as because of the unemployment rates of their customers which means that they may not have the extra cash to spend. Thorpe Park already breakeven at ? 16 per tickets and they already charge ? 39. 60 per ticket, which means even if they make the ticket each about ? 20 for the holidays as a special offer then they will still be making ? profit on each ticket sold. Reliability I think this will be a reliable strategy for Thorpe Park as it will help them gain more customers even if Feasibility Effectiveness Interest Rates: An interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower for the use of money that they borrow from a lender. For Thorpe Park this would mean that lots of aspects of the business will be affected as explained below. Interest Rates Directly Affect Borrowing The most straightforward impact of interest rates on businesses is how rates influence business borrowing. Thorpe Park may need to take out short term loans to make up for shortfalls in payroll or other expenses, so higher interest rates make such shortfalls more costly, since Thorpe Park will have to pay more interest back to lenders. Thorpe Park may also frequently take out longer term debt for improvements and infrastructure. The higher the prevailing interest rates, the most costly taking on debt and therefore the less likely businesses will be able to commit the funds to such projects e. g. Thorpe Park Making new rides and attractions etc. How Interest Rates Impact Business Strategy Another important impact interest rates have on Thorpe Park is in business strategy. At the most basic level, the goal of all businesses is to make profit. Therefore, venture a business makes must be thoroughly analysed for its ultimate prospects at bringing in profit, and how those prospects compare to other possible sources of revenue. Since saving capital at current interest rates is a possible source of revenue, higher interest rates tend to make new ventures less attractive. For instance, if a cost benefit analysis shows that a new program within a company is likely to yield a profit of 4% per year for all money put into the program, but the prevailing interest rates are 6%, the company is better off putting their money in the bank. In this way, interest rates dictate what a business will consider a strong return on investment. Thorpe Park will not have any time to save money as every 4 years they make a new ride which may be more profitable than putting money into savings account. Interest Rates and Investment A third impact of interest rates on Thorpe Park is its ability to raise capital through stock the value of stock prices. When a company goes public, it sells shares of the company in the form of stock to raise capital. Subsequently, the implied value of the business is tied to the share price of the stock, and share price is tied to demand for the companys stock. When interest rates are higher, the demand for investment tends to be lower, so higher interest rates are generally detrimental for Thorpe Park stocks, and their ability to raise money through a stock offering. The reason higher interest rates are bad for stocks is that higher interest rates make traditional saving more attractive; if someone can earn a 5% guaranteed return by saving at a bank, they will be less likely to risk money investing, than if they could only earn 1 or 2% in a savings account. If Thorpe Park needs more capital they can sell shares and it’s also another source of finance for Thorpe Park. Product Pricing The more Thorpe Park must pay monthly to service loans and/or a line of credit, the more it has to charge for its product or experience in an effort to make the payments. This becomes a major stumbling block because consumers may not be willing, or able, to pay the higher price. So the profits Thorpe Park will suffer if it is unable to charge what it needs to offset the cost of higher interest rates. Cost of Goods Sold Thorpe Park has a supplier of some sort and that supplier is also affected by higher interest rates. The supplier will often raise his price to adjust for the higher interest rates. So in addition to paying higher interest rates, Thorpe Park must also pay a higher price for supplies. This means that tickets may go up to cover the costs of the supplier, which then will make the customers think twice about going to Thorpe Park and therefore result in a decrease of sales to Thorpe Park. Employees Once Thorpe Park reaches a point at which it cannot charge its customers what it needs to maintain operating expenses and make a reasonable profit, it must cut costs. Cost cutting often starts with simple solutions such as looking for cheaper suppliers. But as the need continues it can lead eventually to laying off employees. The Downward Spiral Higher interest rates will ignite a downward spiral in economic activity. As businesses lay off workers and the unemployment rate rises, consumers have less and less to spend on goods. As a result, businesses have to dismiss even more workers. This cycle continues until interest rates are reduced. Judgement then: positive/negatives and actions Cost Reliability Feasibility Effectiveness Legal Employment Laws: These laws are major to Thorpe Park as they are a very big business and employ quite a lot of people. The employment law make the employees happy and motivates them because of their rights for example the time regulation act gives people breaks which can help prevent accidents. Employment law is aimed at protecting the health, safety and rights of employees, the main employment laws that a business needs to consider are: Equal Pay Act 1970 Employees who do equal work or work of equal value must receive the same pay as workers of the other sex. If a man and woman are on a different pay although doing basically the same job it is for the employer to show that there is a genuine reason for any difference in pay, which is not based on the sex of an individual. Thorpe Park employs many different people, from old to young, men, women, and people from Britain or different countries, there is a huge variety and each and every person needs to be paid equally This shouldn’t be a problem for Thorpe Park as they employ many different people of all sexes that do the same work. Men and women are now thought to be treated equally in society and all businesses including Thorpe Park have to obey and understand this rule, if Thorpe Park needs to ensure they pay their staff with the correct amount of money depending on the type of work the employee is doing. Employees are also entitled to know how their pay is made up. For example, if there is a bonus system, everyone should know how to earn bonuses and how they are calculated. Sex Discrimination Act, 1975 Employees cannot be sexually discriminated in employment, training or recruitment Technological Environmental The environmental law can have an impact on Thorpe park because it is big park and is visited by hundreds visitors every day. The park needs to make sure that they can keep the park clean and that all the rubbish that is produced is recycled well. As Thorpe Park has many concession businesses, people eat and drink a lot, so the park needs to make sure that there is staff around in the park that can clean it up. Further the Park has to take its noise level also into consideration, because there may be people living in that area as well. The park needs to make sure that they are not troubling anyone with its noise levels. They need to make sure that they are environmentally friendly to get a good status, because environment is serious issue these days.

Privacy Issues of Internet of Things-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.What does the statement "the best interface for a system is no User Interface"? 2.Compare the bandwidth, distance, interference rating, cost and security of a) twisted pair cable, b) coaxial cable and 3) fibre optic cable. 3.Compare the three technologies by addressing the advantages, disadvantages, key requirements for the things. 4.Discuss the issues associated with security and privacy in the context of the Internet of Things. 5.how much of its time budget can be saved by redesigning the application to use the publish/subscribe communication model in lieu of the command/response approach? 6.Describe Nielson's Law. How does it relate to Moore's Law? What are the implications for the Internet of Thing? Answers: 1.The explanation of the phrase the best interface for a system is no user interface is that it eliminates the development of the user interface for executing the application function at any technology. It would eliminate the scope for requirement of an interface while processing the functions of the application by using the technology. The requirement of extra time for the user to operate in the system would be relinquished by using the no user interface system. The number of steps required for the operation of the project would be decreased by using the no interface system in the applications. The benefit of the phrase the best interface for a system is no user interface can be explained with the help of following examples, Example 1: The functions of the cars have been developed with the help of new user interface for opening the gate of the car by using the wireless mobile network (Takai et al., 2013). The number of steps in the opening or closing of the door have been increased as the user first have to open the application in the mobile device, then go to the option of opening the car door from the mobile, and request for opening the gate of the car. The network connection would send the request for opening the door to the server. The server would search for the appropriate network of the car and it would forward the query to the network. The car would receive the request and it would process for opening the door. It would be time consuming and the overall time duration of the project would be very high. The need for the user interface could be reduced for forming the minimum time duration requirement for the project. Example 2: The payment through gateway would be deployed for forming the improvement of the operations and it had formed the effective role in the payment through development process (Fisher, 2013). The payment gateway would comprise of making the appropriate formation of the system development. However, the payment gateway would comprise of a number of steps first signing in the platform application, requesting the payment through the bank server, the bank would process the payment, and the payment would be received. All these processes are involved in the payment gateway platform and it would result in forming the issue of exhaustion of resources. The removal of user interface would result in forming the solution for exhaustion of resources and would increase the process of payment system. 2.The specification of the cables and the categorization of the cables had been done in the following tables, Cable Types Coaxial Cable Twisted Pair Cable Fiber Optic Cable Bandwidth 1GHz 1MHz 75THz Distance 500m 100m 10 Km when on Single mode 2Km when on Multi mode Interference rating Has the tendency of being least vulnerable to interference when compare to the other two types of cables Has the tendency of being limited to distance and vulnerable to interference Has the tendency of not being vulnerable to the interference Cost Medium costing of the cable when compare to the other two types of cables Cheaper than the other two types of cables Highest expensive when compare to the other two types of cables Security As opined by Winzer (2014), the security would be moderate when compare to the other two types of cables Very Poor in compare to the other two types of cables It is the most secured type of cable that can be used for network connection Specification of the cables categories Co-Axial Cable: According to Ha et al. (2013), there are three types of Co-Axial Cable namely Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The Type 1 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 50 Ohm, RG-11 or Rg-7, and it is applicable for thick power Ethernet. The Type 2 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 50 Ohm, RG-58, and it is applicable with thin power Internet. The Type 3 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 75 Ohm, RG-59, and it is applicable with cable television. Twister Pair Cable: According to Lee et al. (2013), there are three types of Unprotected Twister Pair Cable namely Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The Type 1 Unprotected Twister Pair cable is basically used for telephone lines and low speed internet data cable. The Type 2 Shielded Twisted Pair cable is basically used for supporting the 4 MPS implementation. The Type 3 Foil Shielded Twister Pair cable is basically used for supporting maximum 16 MPS (although it is used for 10 MPS only). Fibre Optic Cable: There are three types of Fibre Optic Cable and they are Single Mode Fibre Optic Cable, Multi Mode Fibre Optic Cable, and Plastic Fibre Optic Cable. These three cables have different ranges of 2Km, 10Km, and 16km respectively. 3.The following table would analyse the advantages, disadvantages, and application of using Internet of Things, IoT Devices: Sensors Advantages: High current capability and low cost of maintenance for forming the low tech sensing. Disadvantages: The sensor would require the physical contact and it is slow in response Application: Interlocking, Packaging, and parts detection IoT Devices: RFID Advantages: Can be read without the use of line of sight and multiple tags are allowed Disadvantages: Costly in use and a number of processing are involved Application: Tracking of products like jewellery, pallet, and apparel tracking IoT Devices: Video Tracking Advantages: Effective communication and automation of the control functions Disadvantages: Complex system and privacy exposure is probable Application: Human to computer interaction and the augmentation of the reality is possible 4.Security Issues: According to Suo et al. (2012), the security issues can be described as the harms on the IoT applications that can be occurred due to unauthorized access resulting in misuse of the information for their personal benefits. Privacy Issues: As opined by Borgohian, Kumar and Sanyal (2015) the direct involvement of the private and sensitive information as such account details, precise geo-location and health location have to face the issue of exposure of the personal information such as physical condition, habits, and locations. 5.Blocking Mode- The blocking mode is characterized by the occurrence of the operating request of the user and orientation of the endpoint for involving the longer and waiting times of operation. The blocking mode is a synchronous mode where the original message would not be received by the originator.Publish or Subscribe Paradigm- The Publish or Subscribe Paradigm is also referred to as pub or sub paradigm and it helps in enabling the unidirectional communication to subscribers or publishers (more than one). Figure 1: Publish or Subscribe Paradigm Command or Response Paradigm: Command or Response Paradigm would be helpful for communication when the case of overhead of not required messages travel in reverse direction. Figure 2: Command or Response paradigm Total time saving= propagation delay of 12ms + time required for receiving the message 1ms = 13ms 6.Nielsons law: The Nielsons law can be understood as the evaluation of the bandwidth used by the users for increasing the value to 150% of the original value. The data records had been collected in between the year of 1983 to 2016. The following graph had been extracted from his studies, Figure 3: Graph Population V/S Year (Source: Nielsen 2014) Relation with Moores law: Both the laws are very similar as Nielson stated that the growth of bandwidth of users is increasing by 50 % per year and Moore stated that computer double in capabilities every 18 months and this is 60% of the annual growth. Nielsons law and IoT: The Nielsons law can be implied in IoT for deducing the fact that till the year of 2024, the sensor technology would see the remarkable growth and it would help in data stream creation. The microchips would be used widely along with body and skin sensors References Borgohain, T., Kumar, U., Sanyal, S. (2015). Survey of security and privacy issues of Internet of Things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Fisher, M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,352,323. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ha, S. K., Kim, G. S., Choi, S. M., Kim, S. K., Kim, J. G., Park, M., ... Sim, K. (2013). PHILS based protection system design for an HTS power cable installed in a grid. , 339-340. Lee, W., Cheon, M., Hyun, C. H., Park, M. (2013). Development of building fire safety system with automatic security firm monitoring capability.Fire safety journal,58, 65-73. Nielsen, J. (2014). Nielsens Law of Internet Bandwidth, 1998. Singh, D., Tripathi, G., Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. InInternet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on(pp. 287-292). IEEE. Sommer, J., Franz, W. (2012). A Component-based Simulation Model and its Implementation of a Switched Ethernet Network. Suo, H., Wan, J., Zou, C., Liu, J. (2012, March). Security in the internet of things: a review. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 international conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 648-651). IEEE. Takai, I., Ito, S., Yasutomi, K., Kagawa, K., Andoh, M., Kawahito, S. (2013). LED and CMOS image sensor based optical wireless communication system for automotive applications.IEEE Photonics Journal,5(5), 6801418-6801418. Tozlu, S., Senel, M., Mao, W., Keshavarzian, A. (2012). Wi-Fi enabled sensors for internet of things: A practical approach.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(6). Winzer, P. J. (2014). Spatial multiplexing in fiber optics: The 10x scaling of metro/core capacities.Bell Labs Technical Journal,19, 22-30. Borgohain, T., Kumar, U., Sanyal, S. (2015). Survey of security and privacy issues of Internet of Things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Fisher, M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,352,323. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ha, S. K., Kim, G. S., Choi, S. M., Kim, S. K., Kim, J. G., Park, M., ... Sim, K. (2013). PHILS based protection system design for an HTS power cable installed in a grid. , 339-340. Lee, W., Cheon, M., Hyun, C. H., Park, M. (2013). Development of building fire safety system with automatic security firm monitoring capability.Fire safety journal,58, 65-73. Nielsen, J. (2014). Nielsens Law of Internet Bandwidth, 1998. Singh, D., Tripathi, G., Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. InInternet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on(pp. 287-292). IEEE. Sommer, J., Franz, W. (2012). A Component-based Simulation Model and its Implementation of a Switched Ethernet Network. Suo, H., Wan, J., Zou, C., Liu, J. (2012, March). Security in the internet of things: a review. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 international conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 648-651). IEEE. Takai, I., Ito, S., Yasutomi, K., Kagawa, K., Andoh, M., Kawahito, S. (2013). LED and CMOS image sensor based optical wireless communication system for automotive applications.IEEE Photonics Journal,5(5), 6801418-6801418. Tozlu, S., Senel, M., Mao, W., Keshavarzian, A. (2012). Wi-Fi enabled sensors for internet of things: A practical approach.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(6). Winzer, P. J. (2014). Spatial multiplexing in fiber optics: The 10x scaling of metro/core capacities.Bell Labs Technical Journal,19, 22-30.